Characteristic Features and Comparative analysis of essential oil composition of selected species of Ocimum sanctum L. through GCMS

Background: The main aim of this research is to provide a literature of the Ocimum plant, to know the signicance of the Ocimum species carried out by pharmacognostical study and experimental design for GC-MS.Ocimum are very important for their therapeutic potentials. Among the most important aromatic herbs for its enormous medicinal properties. Methods: An extreme Attention has been put on those literature reports wherein the utilization of Tulsi and their pharmacognostical study has been done by performing morphological and microscopic leaf and experimental design by using essential oil by GC-MS instrumentation method Results: The utilization of these characteristics would be important for the drug discovery scientist to develop a specic formulation of the crude drug, which will be a magical therapeutic agent in the future, with the many advantageous. GC-MS chromatogram of the Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum canum and Ocimum gratissimum oil showed major peaks and has been identied after comparison of the mass spectra with NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity is more in O. canum due to presence high amount of anethole in comparison to O.Gratissimum, and O. Sanctum. The GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. Conclusion: The result showed that microscopic character of O. canum, with the characteristic GC MS analysis of the extracts, to identify different species of the ocimum plant. Ocimum sanctum L. and further experiments are required for better exploitation of essential oil for its commercial purposes. chromatograph (model 8700), with ame ionization detector (FID) was used for the chemical analysis of the Rama Tulsi (O. sanctum), Tulsi (O.canum) and Vana Tulsi (O. gratissimum) essential oil. The temperatures of the injector and detector were set at 220 and 290°C, respectively. The column thermostat temperature was started from 80°C and raised to 220°C at the rate of 4°C min-1, whereas initial and nal temperatures were held for 3 and 10 min, respectively. The carrier gas was helium with a ow of 1.5 mL min−1. A sample of 1.0 µL was injected (split ratio 100:1). For quantication purposes a built-in data-handling program of the equipment (Perkin-Elmer) was used. The essential oil composition was reported as a relative percentage of the total peak area 12-14. GC-MS chromatogram of the Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum and gratissimum major peaks and after comparison of the mass spectra with NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results. The GC-MS study that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum (2.66%) in comparison to O. sanctum (1,28%) but absent in O. Gratissimum. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity is more in O. canum due to presence high amount of anethole in comparison to O. Gratissimum, and O. Sanctum.


Background
Ocimum sanctum L., commonly known as holy basil, Among the plants known for medicinal values, plants of genus Ocimum belonging to family Lamiaceae Ocimum are very important for their therapeutic potentials. among the most importantaromatic herbs for its enormous medicinal properties, such as anticancerous, antidiabetic, spasmolytic, carminative, cardioprotective, anthelmintic and diaphoretic actions. Ocimum sanctum possesses various biological activities such as analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, immuno-modulatory, and anti-in ammatory. It observed that some of its phytoconstituents such as eugenol, linoleic acid, luteolin, β-sitosterol prevent skin, liver, oral and lung cancers through increasing the anti-oxidant activity, inducing apoptosis, altering the gene expression, and inhibiting metastasis. It has been observed that Ocimum sanctum leaves showed inhibition of growth of tumor cells. It is assumed that Ocimum sanctum would be an effective medicine so far in inhibiting the all kinds of cancer. [1][2][3][4] Ocimum sanctum is used as a traditional medicine and possesses various biological activities because of the active components present in the plant such as eugenol, linoleic acid, oleic acid, rosmarinic acid, ocimarin, isorientin, orientin, aesculectin, aesculin, chlorgrnic acid, galuteolin, gallic acid, citronellal, camphene, sabinene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, vitamin C, and calcium. [5][6][7] Methods Collection, identi cation and authentication of selected plants The pharmacognostical study has been done by performing morphological and microscopic analysis of Leaf as per WHO guidelines.

Microscopic Studies
Transverse section (TS) of leaf and powder characteristics were identi ed with (Phlorogucinol + HCL) reagents such as chloral hydrate and glycerine to study the cells, bre, xylem vessels, starch grains, and calcium oxalate crystals. Permanent slide of TS of Leaf was prepared to observe the presence and arrangement of cellular structures as per the procedure of Johansen [8] and the representative gures were taken with the help of microscopic image camera.

Experimental Design for GC-MS
GC-MS analysis of the Rama Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Krishna Tulsi (Ocimum canum) and Vana Tulsi (Ocimum gratissimum ) essential oil was performed using below given instruments information.
Thermo Trace 1300GC coupled with Thermo TSQ 800 Triple Quadrupole MS. were set at 220 and 290°C, respectively. The column thermostat temperature was started from 80°C and raised to 220°C at the rate of 4°C min-1, whereas initial and nal temperatures were held for 3 and 10 min, respectively. The carrier gas was helium with a ow of 1.5 mL min−1. A sample of 1.0 µL was injected (split ratio 100:1). For quanti cation purposes a built-in data-handling program of the equipment (Perkin-Elmer) was used. The essential oil composition was reported as a relative percentage of the total peak area 12-14.

Results And Discussion Gc-ms Analysis
The hydro-distillation of essential oil from leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. yielded pale yellow aromatic oil. GC-MS chromatogram of the Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum canum and Ocimum gratissimum oil showed major peaks and has been identi ed after comparison of the mass spectra with NIST library, indicating the presence of three phytocomponents. From the results. The GC-MS study suggested that anethole which is well reported antimicrobial compound is more in O. canum ( No human participants were involved in this paper and no new data were collected; thus, ethical approval was not required.

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CONFLICT OF INTEREST
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