Previous evidence shows that the dysregulation of miRNAs could play a vital function in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Besides, circulating miRNAs in serum have become prospective biomarkers for identifying numerous diseases, consisting of cancer. The report results disclosed that the expression of miRNA-34a, miRNA-143, miRNA-212 dramatically changed in serum of patients compared to healthy subjects.
The outcomes of our report revealed that the expression level of circulating miRNA-34a reduced in the patient compared to the control group. Besides, the outcome of our examination revealed that miRNA-34a might function as an appealing biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. MiR34 family members are popular to manage the cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasiveness in cancer [23, 24]. These miRNAs are validated to have a straight task in the development of breast, prostate, bladder, or brain cancer, and miR34a is considered to be an attractive healing target in cancer treatment [23, 24]. Besides, the report by Jin et al. [25] has revealed that lowered expression of miRNA-34a is related to a poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer. They showed that miRNA-34 functions as a tumor suppressor, and overexpression of it led to decreased xenograft tumors [25]. On top of that, an Increased level of circulating miR34a and miR34b was reported in breast, lung, and prostate cancer [26, 27]. Nevertheless, limited information is provided concerning circulating miR34 family members in ovarian cancer, and extra comprehensive examination is required to clear up the specific function of mir34 in ovarian cancer.
Additionally, the outcomes of our report revealed that the level of expression miRNA-143 in patients substantially lowered. Additionally, Previous records revealed that transfection of HeLa cells with pre-miRNA-143 might substantially lower their proliferation and boost apoptosis. Additionally, they discovered that expression of miRNA-143 was lowered in malignant cervical tissues compared to non-tumour tissues [28]. Additionally they revealed that the expression of miRNA-143 was down-regulated in colon cancer however not in rectal cancer [29]. To ensure that miRNA-143 could be serving as a tumor suppressor, yet extra examination is required to clear up the function of this miRNA in the restraint of ovarian cancer. On top of that, our outcomes revealed that miRNA-143 might be a superb marker for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer in addition to miRNA-34a, yet to our understanding, it is the first time to evaluation in ovarian cancer and required additional examinations.
In addition to miRNA-34a and miRNA-143, we evaluated the level of miRNA-212 in ovarian patients and healthy controls. The outcomes revealed that in addition to other miRNAs, it additionally might forecast ovarian cancer. Besides, the literature review revealed that the miRNA-212 in various malignancies can alter differently. As an example, other investigation disclosed that the miRNA-212 expression reduced in vivo and in vitro in lung cancer. Additionally, Wei et al. [30] located that the expression of miRNA-212 was considerably down-regulated in both tissue and serum of epithelial ovarian cancer patients [30]. Their outcomes have disclosed that overexpression of miRNA-212 in ovarian cancer cells can hinder cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In our report, the miRNA-212 level dramatically reduced, and it could reveal opportunities that miRNA-212 can serve as a tumor suppressor and an encouraging biomarker for the discovery of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the lowering of miRNA-212 was in addition to raised expression of SOX4.
The previous examination revealed that miRNA-212 works as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer by targeting SOX4 [31]. SOX4 is a crucial developing transcription factor in invertebrates and is important for precise differentiation and proliferation in different tissues. Additionally, SOX4 is overexpressed in numerous human malignancies; nevertheless, the specific function of SOX4 in cancer development is not well recognized. Besides, SOX4 has been reported to be overexpressed in kidney cell cancer, which promoted cell migration and invasion generating EMT. Additionally, SOX4 has been uncovered to take part in metastasis and EMT in kidney cell cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer [32, 33]. Another experiment disclosed that the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-microRNA-212/ 132 axes in human breast cancer reduces metastasis by targeting SOX4 [34] .On top of that, Dysregulation of the SOX4 associates with the end result of colon cancer [35].
Besides, our outcomes revealed that the level of E2F5 was dramatically higher than the control group. E2F5 is a necessary participant of cell development and proliferation by managing the genes associated with cell cycle development [36, 37]. On top of that, it has been revealed that some miRNA can hinder cancer growth using repressing E2F5 [37]. Additionally, one examination disclosed that knockdown of E2F5 causes cell death by means of the TP53‑dependent path in breast cancer cells bring wild‑type TP53 [38].
Additionally, the outcomes revealed that in cancer patients, the BCL-2 expression was higher than in the control group. Bcl-2-family proteins control all substantial sorts of cell death, consisting of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, hence running as nodal factors at the merging of several paths with wide importance to oncology [39]. Additionally, treatments targeting Bcl-2-family are presently in clinical screening, increasing hopes that a new class of anticancer drugs might quickly be readily available.
To conclude, our data revealed that the expression profile of miRNA-34a, miRNA-143, and miRNA-212 can work as a prospective biomarker for detecting ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, miRNA-34a, miRNA-143 circulating levels dramatically reduced in patients and can act as a tumor suppressor, yet extra examination is required to additional reveal various targets to light on their function in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.