Information communication texnolgy for monitoring of a prenosological state of the population health

Background: The article describes the development of an uninterrupted functioning technology for remote automated monitoring of the prenosological level of individual health, which allows optimizing the medical non-invasive mass examination of the population. Methods:In order to provide their functioning by using information and communication technologies, mobile communications, automated remote exchange methods, accumulation, storage of information, as well as involving medical knowledge, mathematical models and algorithms for their intellectual analysis, the opportunities have been created for the development and implementation of preventive measures that are effective mechanisms to ensure a healthy lifestyle. Results: According to the stated goal, a comprehensive monitoring of the physical, functional and clinical-somatic status of population health indicators is carried out. It provides the implementation of the functions of a comprehensive prenosological examination of citizens and the results of the surveys assess the risk of developing certain diseases; assisting in the implementation of measures to form a healthy lifestyle and reduce the spread of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among the attached population; dynamic monitoring of the contingent of individuals at increased risk of developing the disease. The practical use of this technology helps to conduct mass prenosological examinations of the population and improve the quality of targeted, personalized prevention of risk factors and improve their health.


Background
Today, modern medicine has countless opportunities and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the most complex diseases, yet even with all this great advancement it 3 still mainly deals with already diseased people who need medical attention. This means, that sadly instead of carrying out prognosis and prevention of possible diseases, the current goals were concentrated on fighting the already unhealthy individuals. Thus, one of the crucial assignment of health care, maintaining public health, cannot be fulfilled if it is mainly focused only on the treatment of diseases. It puts the prognostic aspect at the heart of the health problem: the necessity to predict an individual trajectory from fully healthy to ill. The medicine of the future should focus on maintaining the health of healthy people rather than treatment. Currently, the term "health" is often interpreted as an absence of any disorders. The World Health Organization has defined health as a complex state of physical, mental and social well-being. The Health Science is a complex and multi-layered study of, not only, the physical health, but also the environment, we are living in, which is saturated with both stressful and joyful situations that affects the individuals. The negative effects this may lead to is also so-called "the third state". The concept of the "third state" in assessing human health is actually based on the laws of ancient medicine, laid out more than a thousand years ago by the famous physician and philosopher Abu Ali Ibn Sina -Avicenna, which highlights six human health conditions: a healthy body to the perfection; a healthy body, but not to the perfection; the body is not healthy, but not sick at the same time; a body that easily perceives health; a body is sick, but not to the limit; the body is sick to the limit [1]. Out of all these conditions, only the last two relate to the illness. Between these two extreme levels of health (according to Avicenna), we distinguish four transition states with varying degrees of tension in regulatory systems: normal, moderate, pronounced and over-voltage [2]. Consequently, the transition from healthy organism to disease occurs through overstrain and the breakdown of adaptation mechanisms. And the sooner it will be possible to foresee such an outcome, the more likely it is to maintain the well-being of the population. Health is considered as a process of continuous adaptation of the body to environmental conditions, and a measure of health, is the adaptive capabilities of the body. Hence between health and illness, occurs a whole series of marked transitional conditions, called prenosological conditions. These points, together with the unresolved problems of rational organization and management of the lifestyle of the majority of the population, are the basis for the massive occurrence of prenosological disorders and their inevitable transformation into various forms of pathology, as well as part of the global problem with maintaining health.
For instance, the results of mass preventive examinations showed that 50% to 80% of the population is at different stages of prenosological conditions [3]. Thus, most people do not need medical diagnosis (diagnosis of diseases), but prenosological diagnosis instead.
The concept of adaptive capabilities of an organism includes two aspects: diagnostic and prognostic. The first represents the current state of the body, the stock of its functional reserves and the corresponding voltage of regulatory systems. The second characterizes the potential ability of the body to perform a particular activity. Adaptation reserves, in general, represent the ability to resist the effects of various types of loads, adapt to these loads, minimizing their impact on the body, while ensuring the proper level of effective human activity of cells, tissues, organs and the whole organism, while providing the proper level of effective human activity. The body's adaptive reserves are essentially a criterion of physical health.
We can conditionally differentiate the following stages of the body [2,3]

Results
Through the technology developed by us, we can use algorithms and software for distance automated monitoring of the prenosological level of an individual health. This will allow us to optimize dispensary examinations of the population, ensure their necessary coverage, low-cost, operate continuously and when using modern algorithms for recognizing specified signs, it is intelligent. A condition needed for the implementation of the project is the assignment of the role of the correspondent, at least one in each family, which will oversee transmission and reception of personal electronic medical data to the population itself. At the same time, in order to minimize financial costs for the purchase of foreign medical gadgets, it is necessary to train the population to receive data on the morphological and functional indicators of the body using non-invasive and generally accessible methods and send them to the appropriate health center serving its territorial unit, using a personal mobile phone. The hardware and software provision of each such module requires the presence in each family of at least one unit of mobile communications with the necessary parameters and connected to the Internet. For all, such mobile 8 communications will be equipped with the correct software and the interfaces for exchanging information with the server of our health center. This will make it possible to put into practice the principle -a mobile patient -a virtual doctor. By creating an individual monitoring of the prenosological level of health based on this principle, and organizing its modular functioning for a specific region of the population of a given geographical area with the involvement of prevention doctors responsible for this area of the family clinic, significant results can be achieved in preventing risk factors, and maintaining of the health of the population. As a module, we have taken the conventional eastern public structure -citizens' self-government -"mahalla", an association of citizens

Discussion
Today, a number of systems and mobile applications have been developed for monitoring and tracking the health [11][12][13]. The issues of the need to create and implement remote monitoring of human health indicators as a means of improving the quality of medical care 13 for patients and the main features of creating a specialized automated system for these purposes are considered in [14].
Information technologies [11] open up a new possibilities in early and individualized prenosological diagnostics, which are a useful tool for accurate and standardized assessment of the result of external adverse effects on human health and general physical condition, which are methods of early prenosological diagnosis. The paper [12] presents the conceptual foundations and architecture of the Internet system of personalized health care based on intensive data analysis, describes the structure of the health management space and the general architecture of the Internet system of personalized health care support. In this regard, the works of Tomsk State University, an information system for monitoring the adaptive abilities and functional reserves of a person, also deserves attention [13]. There are two methods:

Conclusion
Prenosological screening is the selection of people with certain functional conditions for the subsequent resolution of issues of their recovery; Prenosological control -dynamic monitoring of the functional state of the healthy people.
Monitoring the health of individuals, that is, prenosological control, is a practical step towards assessing the state of regulatory systems in dynamics, identifying the very initial manifestations of their overstrain, both in the whole organism and in individual organs and systems, and correcting them in a timely manner. The volume of work, if the entire population is covered, will be tens of times more than now in the health care system, where work was done only with already ill parts of the population. Therefore, the implementation of monitoring health by conventional methods, using the capabilities available in the system, is difficult, and sometimes even impossible. The process of prenosological research in all cases is a recognition process using both simple logical rules and complex mathematical techniques. But it is always standing out by noninvasiveness, comfort and short time of diagnosis. It is worth mentioning another important methodological principle of prenosological diagnosis, which is the use of information-intensive research methods. This means that with minimal examination time and its methodological simplicity, extensive and valuable information must be obtained that allows important conclusions to be drawn about the state of regulatory mechanisms, functional reserves and the level of functioning of the main vital systems. This principle is fundamental in the elaboration of specific technologies, the algorithm for its implementation and the rules and knowledge used in this process. In this regard, to tackle these problems, it is relevant to attract the modern capabilities of information and Funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.