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Research Article
Huiling Ma
Gansu Agricultural University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution.Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a natural apomictic species that mainly exhibits facultative apospory. Its main feature is that the somatic nucellar cells bypass meiosis and double fertilization to form unreduced embryos, and the development of the endosperm requires pseudogamy. Although apomixis is of great significance in breeding, the genetic control of apomixis remains unclear. Therefore, we report the results of a global gene expression analysis of wild germplasm materials of Kentucky bluegrass spikelets in Gansu province of China, exhibiting significant differences in apomictic rates to identify the genes, biological processes, and molecular functions related to apomixis.
Result: At four reproductive periods, there were 5400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes, including 2476 downregulated and 2823 upregulated genes. Further analysis of the gene functions, pathways, expression patterns, networks, and transcription factors (TFs) showed that the occurrence of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass was related to changes in the time- and space-related expression of genes associated with sexual reproduction, which led to disordered sexual reproduction and thus the production of offspring by apomixis.
Conclusion: At the transcriptional level, the genesis and development of apomixis was regulated by TFs. It also involved the coexpression of many genes associated with disordered meiosis, hormone signal transduction, embryonic development, stress response pathways, and epigenetics. We also verified these 16 DEGs by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression results were basically consistent with the transcriptome expression profile, indicating that the transcriptome data were reliable. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of occurrence and development of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass.
Keywords
Apomixis, Poa pratensis, Transcriptome analysis, Sexual reproduction, Meiosis
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryFigS1.jpg
Fig. S1 BUSCO assessment results of the transcripts.
- SupplementaryFigS2.jpg
Fig. S2 Transcripts and unigenes sequence length distributions.
- SupplementaryFigS3.jpg
Fig. S3 e-value and sequence similarity distribution of the Nr database alignment.
- SupplementaryTableS1.xlsx
Table S1 Samples mapping statistics.
- SupplementaryTableS2.xlsx
Table S2 Length interval distribution of the transcripts and unigenes.
- SupplementaryTableS3.xlsx
Table S3 Percentages of unigenes annotated in different databases. .
- SupplementaryTableS4.xlsx
Table S4 All DEGs between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS5.xlsx
Table S5 All GO terms between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS6.xlsx
Table S6 All KEGG pathways between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS7.xlsx
Table S7 ALL the differentially expressed TF families between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS8.xlsx
Table S8 All DEGs between the four stages in LN .
- SupplementaryTableS9.xlsx
Table S9 All DEGs between the four stages in GN.
- SupplementaryTableS10.xlsx
Table S10 All unigenes in 18 modules.
- SupplementaryTableS11.xlsx
Table S11 Correlation coefficient of module-module eigenvalues.
- SupplementaryTableS12.xlsx
Table S12 P-value of module-module eigenvalues.
- SupplementaryTableS13.xlsx
Table S13 Eipgengenes between samples and modules.
- SupplementaryTableS14.xlsx
Table S14 Coefficients between the samples and modules.
- SupplementaryTableS15.xlsx
Table S15 Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR analysis in this article.
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Research Article
Huiling Ma
Gansu Agricultural University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 18 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution.Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a natural apomictic species that mainly exhibits facultative apospory. Its main feature is that the somatic nucellar cells bypass meiosis and double fertilization to form unreduced embryos, and the development of the endosperm requires pseudogamy. Although apomixis is of great significance in breeding, the genetic control of apomixis remains unclear. Therefore, we report the results of a global gene expression analysis of wild germplasm materials of Kentucky bluegrass spikelets in Gansu province of China, exhibiting significant differences in apomictic rates to identify the genes, biological processes, and molecular functions related to apomixis.
Result: At four reproductive periods, there were 5400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes, including 2476 downregulated and 2823 upregulated genes. Further analysis of the gene functions, pathways, expression patterns, networks, and transcription factors (TFs) showed that the occurrence of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass was related to changes in the time- and space-related expression of genes associated with sexual reproduction, which led to disordered sexual reproduction and thus the production of offspring by apomixis.
Conclusion: At the transcriptional level, the genesis and development of apomixis was regulated by TFs. It also involved the coexpression of many genes associated with disordered meiosis, hormone signal transduction, embryonic development, stress response pathways, and epigenetics. We also verified these 16 DEGs by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression results were basically consistent with the transcriptome expression profile, indicating that the transcriptome data were reliable. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of occurrence and development of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SupplementaryFigS1.jpg
Fig. S1 BUSCO assessment results of the transcripts.
- SupplementaryFigS2.jpg
Fig. S2 Transcripts and unigenes sequence length distributions.
- SupplementaryFigS3.jpg
Fig. S3 e-value and sequence similarity distribution of the Nr database alignment.
- SupplementaryTableS1.xlsx
Table S1 Samples mapping statistics.
- SupplementaryTableS2.xlsx
Table S2 Length interval distribution of the transcripts and unigenes.
- SupplementaryTableS3.xlsx
Table S3 Percentages of unigenes annotated in different databases. .
- SupplementaryTableS4.xlsx
Table S4 All DEGs between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS5.xlsx
Table S5 All GO terms between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS6.xlsx
Table S6 All KEGG pathways between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS7.xlsx
Table S7 ALL the differentially expressed TF families between LN and GN.
- SupplementaryTableS8.xlsx
Table S8 All DEGs between the four stages in LN .
- SupplementaryTableS9.xlsx
Table S9 All DEGs between the four stages in GN.
- SupplementaryTableS10.xlsx
Table S10 All unigenes in 18 modules.
- SupplementaryTableS11.xlsx
Table S11 Correlation coefficient of module-module eigenvalues.
- SupplementaryTableS12.xlsx
Table S12 P-value of module-module eigenvalues.
- SupplementaryTableS13.xlsx
Table S13 Eipgengenes between samples and modules.
- SupplementaryTableS14.xlsx
Table S14 Coefficients between the samples and modules.
- SupplementaryTableS15.xlsx
Table S15 Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR analysis in this article.
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