While the popularity and feasibility of solar power have increased progressively toward achieving a low-carbon and climate-resilient society, it is uncertain how changes in climate attributes induced by global warming will affect the future potential of solar power output. This study presents a comparative assessment of future changes in solar power in terms of the technology for harnessing energy from insolation [photovoltaic power (PVP) versus concentrated solar power (CSP)], different phases of climate projections (CMIP5 versus CMIP6), and low versus high emission scenarios. Both CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi-model projections are able to capture the major characteristics of the global distribution seen in PVP and CSP derived from reanalysis data during the historical period. However, despite the general similarity to CMIP5-based results, CMIP6 models outperform their CMIP5 counterparts slightly regarding quantitative metrics and enhance the robustness of the future change signal estimated by the statistical significance as well as the inter-model consistency. The future changes in PVP and CSP patterns are sensitive to the emission scenarios that can control the degree of warming. Under the fossil-fueled development scenarios, the greater increase in temperatures may lead to a high vulnerability of the solar power supply by reducing the output of both PVP and CSP. This study is timely and relevant to emphasizing the benefits of climate change mitigation, which can support the sustainable development of solar energy potential.