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Abdolhossein Dalimi
Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-5513
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Background: Chloroquine (CQ) resistance Plasmodium vivax isolates have been reported from many endemic regions in the world. P. vivax has been reported to be about 95% of the whole malaria in Afghanistan and CQ is prescribing in the first-line treatment of vivax malaria. The pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o (K10 insertion) genes are the possible markers of CQ-resistance P. vivax isolates. There have been no studies done on the prevalence of molecular markers of CQ-resistance P. vivax in Afghanistan. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the pvmdr-1 and K10 insertion in the pvcrt-o genes of P. vivax.
Methods: P. vivax isolates were collected from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost provinces. For investigation of polymorphisms of desired regions in pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o genes, sequencing was applied on the PCR products. We developed a new asymmetric qPCR and melting analysis assay based on unlabeled probe for scanning of K10 insertion in pvcrt-o gene.
Results: The analysis of sequencing data of the pvmdr-1 gene showed wild type Y976 and K997 and mutant M958 and L1076 in 33 isolates from three provinces and submitted in GenBank (accession number MK419882-MK419914)
Of 36 samples that evaluated for K10 insertion in pvcrt-o, 2/18(11%), 0/10(0%) and 0/8(0%) isolates from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost province possessed K10 insertion, respectively, that confirmed by either sequencing and unlabeled probes and submitted in GenBank (accession number MK292011-MK292046).
Conclusion: The existence of 2 samples with K10 insertion and 33 samples with pvmdr1 polymorphism indicating on CQ resistance P. vivax populations in Afghanistan. This can lead to spreading of resistant strains in the society. Furthermore, unlabeled probes are simple and inexpensive alternative tools for screening of P. vivax mutations.
Keywords
Plasmodium vivax, pvmdr-1, pvcrt-o, Chloroquine resistance, Afghanistan
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View the published article at Malaria Journal.
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On 27 May, 2020
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On 26 May, 2020
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On 26 May, 2020
Version 1
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Editorial decision: Major Revision
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Review #1 received
Received 18 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Feb, 2020
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On 21 Feb, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Malaria Journal.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Abdolhossein Dalimi
Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-5513
Badges
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This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 06 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 18 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 17 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 16 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 15 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 02 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 May, 2020
Version 1
Posted 25 Feb, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 28 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 21 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 21 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Malaria Journal.
Background: Chloroquine (CQ) resistance Plasmodium vivax isolates have been reported from many endemic regions in the world. P. vivax has been reported to be about 95% of the whole malaria in Afghanistan and CQ is prescribing in the first-line treatment of vivax malaria. The pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o (K10 insertion) genes are the possible markers of CQ-resistance P. vivax isolates. There have been no studies done on the prevalence of molecular markers of CQ-resistance P. vivax in Afghanistan. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mutations in the pvmdr-1 and K10 insertion in the pvcrt-o genes of P. vivax.
Methods: P. vivax isolates were collected from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost provinces. For investigation of polymorphisms of desired regions in pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o genes, sequencing was applied on the PCR products. We developed a new asymmetric qPCR and melting analysis assay based on unlabeled probe for scanning of K10 insertion in pvcrt-o gene.
Results: The analysis of sequencing data of the pvmdr-1 gene showed wild type Y976 and K997 and mutant M958 and L1076 in 33 isolates from three provinces and submitted in GenBank (accession number MK419882-MK419914)
Of 36 samples that evaluated for K10 insertion in pvcrt-o, 2/18(11%), 0/10(0%) and 0/8(0%) isolates from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost province possessed K10 insertion, respectively, that confirmed by either sequencing and unlabeled probes and submitted in GenBank (accession number MK292011-MK292046).
Conclusion: The existence of 2 samples with K10 insertion and 33 samples with pvmdr1 polymorphism indicating on CQ resistance P. vivax populations in Afghanistan. This can lead to spreading of resistant strains in the society. Furthermore, unlabeled probes are simple and inexpensive alternative tools for screening of P. vivax mutations.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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