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Research Article
Haruhiko Adachi
Osaka University
Corresponding Author
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Many organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length. Hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we established the observation and analysis system of larval movement and found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods. These results are important for understanding the soil ecology and pose a challenge to engineer of newer excavation technology.
Keywords
scarab beetle, burrowing, soil ecology, excavation technology
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No competing interests reported.
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Scientific Reports.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Haruhiko Adachi
Osaka University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Version 2
Posted 22 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 31 May, 2021
Reviews received
Received 20 May, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 14 May, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 23 Apr, 2021
Reviewers agreed
On 22 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 22 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 19 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 19 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 15 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Scientific Reports.
Many organisms live in the soil but only a little is known about their ecology especially movement style. Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length. Hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we established the observation and analysis system of larval movement and found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods. These results are important for understanding the soil ecology and pose a challenge to engineer of newer excavation technology.
Figure 1
Figure 2
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
No competing interests reported.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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