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Research
Abdulraqeb Shamsan Al-Okaishi
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
In this study, we present and analyze toponyms referring to Socotra Island’s endemic dragon’s blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari) in four areas of the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage site (Republic of Yemen). The motivation is understanding of the past distribution of D. cinnabari trees which is an important part of conservation efforts by using ethnobotanical data. We assumed that dragon’s blood trees had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past.
Methods
This research was based on field surveys and interviews with the indigenous people. The place names (toponyms) were recorded in both, Arabic and indigenous Socotri language. We grouped all toponyms into five different categories according to the main descriptor: Terrain, Human, Plant, Water and NA (unknown). In addition, this study identified current and historical Arabic names of dragon’s blood trees of the genus Dracaena, through literature review.
Results
A total of 301 toponyms were recorded from the four study areas in Socotra Island. Among names related to plants, we could attribute toponyms to nine different plant species, of which six names referred to the D. cinnabari tree, representing 14.63% of total phytotoponyms in the category. Three historical naming periods prior to 2000 could be identified. The most commonly used Arabic name for dragon’s blood trees (D. cinnabari, D. serrulata. D. ombet) appears to be “ahrieb” "إعريهب", its resin “dum al-akhawin” “دم الأخوين”, while derived (mixed-cooked) products are called “edah” “إيدع”; while regionally different names can be found.
Conclusion
The place names that refer to D. cinnabari are herein suggested to represent remnant areas of once large populations. The toponyms may therefore support known hypotheses based on climate models that D. cinnabari had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past. This study also confirmed the historical importance of dragon’s blood
Keywords
Ethnobotany, Toponymy, Phytotoponym, Socotra Island, dum al-akhawin, Dragon’s Blood Tree
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Version 1
Posted 28 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 17 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 16 Feb, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 13 Feb, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 27 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 16 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 16 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 10 Jan, 2021
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Subject Areas
Translational Medicine
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Abdulraqeb Shamsan Al-Okaishi
Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Version 1
Posted 28 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 17 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 16 Feb, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 13 Feb, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 27 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 20 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 16 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Jan, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 16 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 16 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 10 Jan, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Translational Medicine
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
Background
In this study, we present and analyze toponyms referring to Socotra Island’s endemic dragon’s blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari) in four areas of the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage site (Republic of Yemen). The motivation is understanding of the past distribution of D. cinnabari trees which is an important part of conservation efforts by using ethnobotanical data. We assumed that dragon’s blood trees had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past.
Methods
This research was based on field surveys and interviews with the indigenous people. The place names (toponyms) were recorded in both, Arabic and indigenous Socotri language. We grouped all toponyms into five different categories according to the main descriptor: Terrain, Human, Plant, Water and NA (unknown). In addition, this study identified current and historical Arabic names of dragon’s blood trees of the genus Dracaena, through literature review.
Results
A total of 301 toponyms were recorded from the four study areas in Socotra Island. Among names related to plants, we could attribute toponyms to nine different plant species, of which six names referred to the D. cinnabari tree, representing 14.63% of total phytotoponyms in the category. Three historical naming periods prior to 2000 could be identified. The most commonly used Arabic name for dragon’s blood trees (D. cinnabari, D. serrulata. D. ombet) appears to be “ahrieb” "إعريهب", its resin “dum al-akhawin” “دم الأخوين”, while derived (mixed-cooked) products are called “edah” “إيدع”; while regionally different names can be found.
Conclusion
The place names that refer to D. cinnabari are herein suggested to represent remnant areas of once large populations. The toponyms may therefore support known hypotheses based on climate models that D. cinnabari had a wider distribution on Socotra Island in the past. This study also confirmed the historical importance of dragon’s blood
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
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