Genetic variability and heritability estimates in F2 populations of intra hirsutum for various traits

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1549498/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Genetic variability and heritability estimates in F2 populations of intra hirsutum for various traits

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1549498/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this older preprint version

Read the latest preprint version →

Plant breeders are more interested in genetic variance rather than phenotypic variance because it is the only portion of total phenotypic variance which is amenable to selection and brings about further improvement in the desirable characters. Therefore the current investigation was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications during the season 2020 at the Cotton Research Institute, Tandojam. The mean square of genotypes differed significantly for the characters number of days to 1st boll formation, days to 1st boll opening, boll formed at 90 days after sowing, bolls plant^− 1, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield plant^− 1 (g) and GOT (%).while plant height, sympodial branches plant^− 1 and staple length were non-significant. The result further related that among the parental lines, CRIS-508 takes maximum days to 1st boll formation, 1st boll opening and GOT (%).The CRIS-510 gave highest sympodial branches plant^− 1, Bakhtawar showed taller plants and bolls plant^− 1, Mehran exhibited maximum boll formation at 90 days after sowing, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield and staple length. Among the F₂ progenies Mehran x Koonj, Mehran x CRIS-508 and Bakhtawar x CRIS-508 recorded better mean performance for most of the traits. The F₂ population like Bakhtawar x CRIS-508 showed maximum (77.80%) for days to 1st boll opening, (82.03%) heritability bolls formed at 90 days after sowing (84.89%) for staple length. Mehran x Koonj expressed maximum (88.78%) heritability for sympodial branches plant^− 1 and (90.52%) for GOT (%) could best be discovered in successive groups of selfing to expand these characters. Koonj x CRIS-510 gave high (82.83%) heritability for plant height, and (55.67%) bolls plant^− 1 and Bakhtawar x CRIS-510 showed high heritability for seed cotton yield and could serve potential segregating populations in further selfing generations.

Genetic variation

heritability

genetic advance

various traits and cotton genotypes

Cotton is also called plant cypress due to its white and soft cypress wood, also known as platinum. Cotton plants grow naturally into shrubs, and the asphalt is pure cellulose. Cotton asphalt is used for spinning into yarn and further used to make socks, curtains and towels. It is also used in the textile industry to make cloth (Stewart and Rossi 2010). A large amount of oil (16%-27%) is extracted from cottonseed, and the seed cake is used in animal husbandry. The oil extracted from cottonseed is used as vegetable oil for making French fries, etc., because the taste of cottonseed oil is similar to coconut oil. In addition, it is an important source of vitamins, fats and antioxidants (Dowd et al. 2010). In the 2018–2019 survey, the cotton planting area was 237.3 thousand hectares and the yield was 9.861 million bales. It accounts for 0.8% of GDP and 4.5% of added value (GoP, 2018-19). Other aspects, such as understanding genetic diversity and its use in obtaining lint quality and cotton sustainability, and the use of bio-based alternatives (for example, understanding the process of changes in various biochemical, physiological, morphological and genetically important characteristics) Such as the discussion of other major crops, people use different genomics technology to greatly improve the awareness of cotton genus cotton. These genomic technologies have laid the foundation for extending cotton fiber and lint yield (Rahman et al., 2009).

The world population is increasing every day. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the textile industry, crop yields must be increased. Using different breeding tools is one way to meet the needs of the textile industry (Farooq et al., 2014). It is important to understand the genetic basis of the importance of products, and their relationship with cotton should be unknown. All the characteristics of the yield obtained are inconsistent with each other. Therefore, determining the genotypic and phenotypic relevance of these traits can help initiate the breeding program. Regarding the association between different plant traits, it helps to choose the appropriate method of breeding native species (Teklewold et al., 2000). Visual observations related to phenotype indicate that when genotypic correlation determines the inheritance of characters (Delelieg et al., 2009).

The genetic cost of these traits is high (Shear et al., 2017). The idea behind the genetic measurement methods used in plant breeding is relatively simple: they express the ratio of the total phenotype to the average effect of the gene, leading to the similarity between the two (Falconer and Mackay, 2005), Ch. 10). Lourenco and others. (2017) to the extent that it is genetically determined by a phenotype. Phenotype is a set of observable characteristics of a single organism. (I) the expression of the organisms’ genotype, (ii) the influence of environmental factors and (iii) the result of the interaction between the two. Therefore, the nectarine interaction studies the relationship between the phenotype value and the potential genotype (𝒈) genotype variation of gen-2 and its successors (Xu, 2013).

In order to be selected for the purpose of plant enrichment, it is also required to read and roosters have multiple characteristics. The inheritance of quantitative characteristics is the most important attribute, useful for its predictive role, and reflects the importance of value as a guide to ethnic values. In addition to geographic predictions, it is also very useful to estimate inheritance in population separation during the selection process (Bloch et al., 2015). The relationship with the environment, especially the relationship between plant population growth characteristics (Alkuddsi et al., 2013). The F₂ population has the largest genetic variation because it is derived from heterozygous bacterial self-esteem, and can be used to select plants in combination with the best plants with the best crop type and F₂ population genetics and genetic linkages of different species. This is also very useful for learning. Many researchers are working on correlation analysis of F₂ isolate population use (Salahuddin et al., 2010; Ahmed et al., 2016). The reproducibility (broad) study was done by several studies in the F₂ population (Baloch et al., 2015; Kumar and Katageri 2017; Joshi and Patil 2018). Yield is an important trait, and many other characteristics also affect it. So far, many studies have been conducted for the correlation study of cotton yield-related traits (Alishah et al., 2008; Deguine et al., 2008; Bibi et al., 2011).

According to reports, the heritability and positive correlation of foot disease per plant, the number of bolls per plant, the yield of seed cotton and Bernice are high (Komala et al., 2018). Plant height, symbiotic branches, number of bolls, boll weight, seed cotton yield and Bernice all have a positive correlation and high heritability. Therefore, it can be concluded that these traits can be used as selection criteria for increasing seed cotton yield (Jarwar et al., 2018). This study is planned to determine the correlation between the various yield-increasing characteristics due to the increase in cotton demand in the country. In addition, the heritability of these parameters is also calculated, which can be used to select suitable traits from certain parents to develop new germplasm of upland cotton.

The breeding material for the present study comprised five parents/varieties and their ten F₂ progenies of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Experimental trial was conducted at the Cotton Research Institute, Tandojam in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 2020. The seed of ten intra-hirsutum ten F₂ population and their ten parents was sown in the field by diblling method .Three seeds per hill were dibbled, however after 15 days, seedling were thinned to one per hill to ensure uniform and reduced plant competition for optimum plant growth and development. The distance between plant to plant was kept at 30cm whereas row to row at 75cm. All the agronomic practices were done at proper time. The inputs like fertilizer, irrigation and insecticides were applied as and when required. The parental varieties involved in developing F₂ hybrids/progenies are listed in table.1.

Collection of data

1. Days to 1^st boll formation

Number of days was counted from planting to the appearance of first boll formation.

2. Days to 1^st boll opening

The number of days was recorded from sowing date to 1st boll opening.

3. Bolls formation after 90 days of sowing

Earliness percentage of boll formation was recorded after 90 days of sowing from the total bolls formed at 90 days.

4. Plant height (cm)

The final plant height was measured from index plant in centimeters

5. Sympodial branches plant^-1:

In cotton, buds generally emerge from axils of leaf. The upper ones are called axillary buds and lower ones as extra axillary bud. The extra axillary bud gives rise to sympodial branches which bears fruits. Number of sympodial branches per plant was counted per plant from tagged plants at the time of maturity.

6. Boll plant^-1:

The total number of bolls were counted from tagged plants and recorded as number of productive bolls.

7. Bolls weight (g):

Boll size per plant was calculated by dividing the seed cotton yield per plant with the number of productive bolls per plant. The average boll weight was calculated by the formula given below

Boll weight (g) = weight of seed cotton yield per plant (g)

Number of bolls per plant

8. Seed cotton yield plant^-1 (g):

At maturity time, mature bolls were picked in paper bags and seed cotton was kept separately from each plant. Picking was done after 10: A.M. when the due was over. Weight of seed cotton yield per plant was taken in grams with the help of electronic balance in the laboratory.

9. G.O.T (%):

Ginning outturn percentage is the ratio of lint to seed cotton sample after ginning. The samples were first dried under the sun then ginned with electric saw gin machine. The ginning outturn percentage (G.O.T.) was calculated by using the following formula

G.O.T % = Weight of lint (g) x 100

Weight of seed cotton (g)

10. Staple length (mm):

Staple length or fiber length is the most important quality parameter in cotton. Four samples of lint from each plant were run in the digital fibro graph and the automated measurements from the screen were recorded in millimeters.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

The present research was carried out to determine genetic parameters of some quantitative traits in intra-hirsutum crosses of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through genetic analysis developed by Falconer (1889). ANOVA was done according to statistical procedures developed by Gomez and Gomez (1984).

The genetic parameters studied were:

Genetic coefficient of variability (G.C.V)
Genetic variance (δ²g)
Heritability percentage in broad sense (h²)
Genetic Advance (GA)

The genetic parameters for all the characters were determined as under:

1. Mean = X/n

2. Variance (s) = ∑ (x²) - ∑ (x)² ⁄ n

n -1

3. Standard deviation (SD) = √ s²

4. Genetic coefficient of variability (G.C.V) = √ σ²g x 100

5. Genetic variance (δ²g) = δ²F_{2 –} δ²e

6. Environmental variance (δ²e) = (δ²P₁ + δ²P₂)

7. Heritability percentage (h²%) = δ²gx 100

δ²F₂

8. Genetic advance (G.A) = k x (H) x SD

Where:

SD = Phenotype standard deviation

K = Constant for selection difference at 10% selection intensity

δ²e = Environmental variance

δ²g = Genetic variance

δ²P₁ = Variance of parent one

δ²P₂ = Variance of parent two

H = Heritability coefficient

h²% = heritability percentage in broad sense

GA = Genetic advance

GCV = Genetic coefficient of variability

S² = Variance

∑ = Sigma (latin alphabetical word) means summation.

X = mean

X = variable.

Analysis of variance

The result regarding analysis of variance for various traits of cotton is presented in table.2. The mean square of genotypes differed significantly for the characters number of days to 1st boll formation, days to 1st boll opening, boll formed at 90 days after sowing, bolls plant^-1, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield plant^-1 (g) and GOT (%).while plant height, sympodial branches plant^-1 and staple length were non-significant. However parents, crosses and parents x crosses were also significant for majority of the traits thus indicating significant difference in the mean performance among F₂ progenies and their parents. These result hence suggested that the data can be used for genetic analysis towards the estimation of genetic parameters. Researchers like Kumari and Chamundeswari (2005), Murthy et al.(2005) and Shabana (2005) noted considerable significant differences among the genotypes of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. for various quantitative traits.

Mean performance of cotton genotypes for different traits.

Mean performance of ten F₂ progenies along with parental lines is summarized in table.3. The results revealed that most of the F₂ progenies reflected higher mean values than their parents for all the studied traits. Days to 1st boll formation is important parameter for the yield regarding this trait among the F₂ progenies CRIS-508 x CRIS-510 recorded maximum mean value (55.80) while in parental population CRIS-508 resulted maximum days (57.00). Days to 1st boll opening is essential for obtaining the maximum yield in case of F₂ crosses CRIS-508 x CRIS-510 demonstrated maximum value (85.93) while CRIS-508 was on the top (86.93) among the parental lines. Boll formation to 90 days has a great importance for further trait development the maximum value was noted in Koonj x CRIS-510 () among the F₂ progenies while the variety Bakhtawar revealed high value (19.80) among the parental population. Plant height has direct relationship with yield because maximum height produced maximum branches and maximum number of bolls. In case of F₂ progenies cross CRIS-508 x CRIS-510 produced maximum plant height (137.93). While the maximum value in parents’ genotype CRIS-508 demonstrated maximum plant height (153.87). The number of sympodial branches per plant has direct relationship with yield because the number of bolls per plant which is very important yield component is largely dependent on this trait. Further result indicate that among the progenies Bakhtawar x Koonj produced higher number of sympodial branches (33.00), while in parental lines CRIS-510 recorded maximum numbers (29.60). Bolls plant^-1 is essential contributor for the seed cotton yield maximum number of bolls increase the maximum seed cotton yield plant^-1 (g). In case of F₂ progenies Mehran x Koonj consisted maximum number of Bolls plant^-1 (53.13), however the variety Bakhtawar demonstrated maximum number of bolls (50.13) in parental accessions. Boll weight is necessary for increasing the maximum yield the maximum boll weight was reported in Bakhtawar x Mehran (3.28) among the F₂ progenies, whereas variety CRIS-510 showed maximum weight (3.08) in parental population. Seed cotton yield per plant is important parameter to enhance seed cotton yield that is linked to several yield associated components. Among the crosses Mehran x CRIS-510 recorded maximum seed cotton yield plant^-1 (g) (132.43), however genotype Mehran produced maximum yield (144.07) among the parental lines. Ginning outturn percentage is a complex character controlled by many genes. Primarily, it depends on lint weight, which has the direct effect on seed cotton yield. The maximum value for this parameter was observed in Koonj x CRIS-510 (38.84) among the combinations, while CRIS-508 recorded higher value (38.96) in the parental lines. In case of staple length which is most important among the fiber properties in cotton from economic point of view. Among the F₂ combinations Bakhtawar x Koonj demonstrated maximum staple length (32.17), however the variety Mehran recorded maximum value (28.90) among the parental lines. The F₂ progenies CRIS-508 x CRIS-510, Mehran x CRIS-508 and Mehran x Koonj the parental lines CRIS-508 and Mehran possessed better performance for most of the traits theses crosses along with genotypes may considered in different breeding programs for further development of the parameters. The result of above mentioned characters nearby matched with Kumar and Katageri (2017) and Raza et al. (2016).

Estimation Of Heritability And Genetic Advance

The breeding objectives in any economically valuable crop are to evolve new varieties possessing most of the desirable traits. For the improvement in any plant character, plant breeders heavily rely on the availability of genetic variability in a segregating population. It is the additive portion of genetic variability which is heritable from one generation to the next. Quantitative traits which are controlled by polygenes are largely influenced by environmental factors. The environmental variation is non-heritable hence it is neglected. Present research was aimed to estimate genetic coefficient of variability, genetic variability, heritability percentage in broad sense and genetic advance at 10% selection pressure in intra-hirsutum F₂ populations for ten quantitative traits. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance for various traits of cotton are given in (Tables 4 to 13). The results for days to 1st boll formation regarding components of variance, heritability and genetic advance are shown in Table-4 for all the ten F₂ progenies. The data revealed that most of the progenies displayed reasonable to higher genetic coefficient of variability ranging from 2.58 to 9.53 moderate to high genetic variance varied from 45.02-102.32. Though heritability percentage in majority of the progenies was high to medium, yet six progenies, Mehran x Koonj, Bakhtawar x CRIS-510, Bakhtawar x CRIS-508, Mehran x CRIS-508, Koonj x CRIS-510 and CRIS-508 x CRIS-510 estimated high heritability 84.56, 76.91, 73.50, 43.00 and 61.63% respectively. Such high heritability estimates of these crosses were also associated with high genetic advance. Other scientists like shabana (2005), Patel et al. (2005) and Ahmed et al. (2008). They also reported high heritability with high genetic gain for this trait. The results for days to 1st boll opening regarding components of variance, heritability percentage in broad sense and genetic advance are presented in Table-5 for all the ten F₂ progenies. The data exposed that most of the progenies exhibited moderate to high genetic coefficient of variability ranging from 4.89 to 23.74 moderate to high genetic variance varied from 66.17-217.46. Though heritability percentage in majority of the progenies recorded moderate to high heritability which is ranged from 43.05–77.80% respectively. However, maximum genetic advance of 17.64 was exhibited by the progeny Bakhtawar x CRIS-510. The outcomes are in covenant with Ahmed et al. (2008), Desalegn et al. (2009) and Naqib et al. (2009) they examined moderate to high heritability for the trait. The results for Boll formation at 90 days after sowing is presented in Table-6 for all the ten F₂ progenies. The data revealed that most of the progenies a fair amount of genetic coefficient of variability (GCV) ranging from 8.00 to 20.85 and genetic variance (GV) varied from 64.06-221.73. Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, except few progenies, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 9.53 to 82.03. Among the progenies Bakhtawar x CRIS-508 and Koonj x CRIS-510 displayed maximum (82.03 and 13.63) heritability and genetic advance respectively. The results of Pani et al. (2012), Gul et al. (2014) and Baloch et al. (2015) showed high heritability and genetic potential. The results for plant height is represented in Table-7 for all the ten F₂ progenies. The data revealed that ranged for genetic coefficient of variability from 13.55 to 31.56 and for genetic variance varied from 134.3-265.28. Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, except few progenies, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 42.67 to 82.83%. Among the F₂ populations Koonj x CRIS-510 displayed highest (82.83%) heritability and Bakhtawar x CRIS-508 showed maximum (23.15) genetic advance. The results for sympodial branches per plant are shown in Table-8 for all the ten F₂ progenies. The data exposed that most of the progenies displayed a fair amount of GCV of 3.45 to 12.60 and VG of 79.52-207.46 which contributes low to high heritability (27.61–88.78%) for the trait. Among the progenies, Mehran x Koonj showed maximum (88.78%) heritability while Bakhtawar x CRIS-510 showed highest (23.34) genetic potential. The results for Bolls plant^− 1 of genetic parameters such as genetic coefficient of variability, genetic variance, heritability percentage in broad sense and genetic advance of ten F₂ progenies are summarized in Table-9. Generally, all the progenies exhibited fairly high genetic coefficient of variability (10.60-24.23), and also genetic variances were high (32.26 to 711.42). Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 10.34 to 55.67. The Koonj x CRIS-510, Bakhtawar x Mehran, Koonj x CRIS-508 ranked top scorer (55.67, 49.85 and 47.47%) for heritability and Mehran x Koonj gave maximum (10.19) genetic advance for the trait. The results regarding genetic parameters for Boll weight of ten F₂ progenies are summarized in Table-10. Generally, all the progenies exhibited fairly high genetic coefficient of variability (2.89 to 9.23), and also genetic variances were high (09.23 to 21.01). Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 24.53 to 88.55. The result for seed cotton yield per plant of ten F₂ progenies are presented in Table-11. Generally, all the progenies exhibited fairly high genetic coefficient of variability (13.18 to 66.00), and also genetic variances were high (118.21 to 275.14). Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 43.31 to 80.06%. Among the F2 progenies, Bakhtawar x CRIS-510 recorded high heritability (80.06%) while high genetic potential (25.38) was reported in Mehran x Koonj. Results for GOT (%) is represented in Table-12 All the progenies exhibited fairly high genetic coefficient of variability (8.65 to 54.76), and also genetic variances were high (25.08 to 113.69). Regarding heritability percentage in broad sense, majority have expressed medium to high heritability percentages ranging from 1.74 to 90.52. The Mehran x Koonj recorded maximum (90.52 and 23.07) heritability and genetic advance respectively. The result for staple length regarding heritability and genetic advance are summarized in Table-13. The results indicate fair amount of genetic coefficient of variability among the progenies mostly medium to high exceptions which ranged from 6.68 to 31.36 also genetic variance ranging high 38.70 to 81.77. Heritability percentage in broad sense in most of the progenies varied from low to high 14.26 to 84.89% which was associated with reasonable genetic advance ranging from 2.14 to 24.94. Gul et al. (2014) Baloch et al. (2015) and Ishaq et al. (2020) examined moderate to high heritability for plant height, Chapepa et al. (2020) reported high heritability for bolls plant^− 1, Nizamani et al. (2017) and Haq et al. (2017) recorded almost similar findings for boll weight. Khokhar et al. (2017), Kumar and Katageri (2017), Baloch et al. (2018) and Bhatti et al. (2020) they observed maximum heritability for seed cotton yield. Vrinda and Patil (2018), Kumar et al. (2019) and Abdul et al.(2020) they observed high heritability for staple length.

Genetic variability and heritability estimates are very important parameters from plant breeding perspective for the improvement of any quantitative traits. Thus, heritability estimate is an indication of the degree of transmission of characters from one generation to the next. Among the F₂ progeny Mehran x CRIS-508,Mehran x Koonj, Koonj x CRIS-510 and Bakhtawar x CRIS-510 showed high heritability for various traits could serve potential segregating populations in further selfing generations.

Acknowledgements

we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and 428 helpful suggestions which help to improve the manuscript.

Authors‘contributions

Farman Ali kaleri and Wajid Ali Jatoi conducted the experiments and data analysis. Saleem Raza drafted the manuscript. Shah Nawaz Mari, Shahnaz Memon, Majid Hussain Kaleri in data collection and analysed the data.Lubna Rajput and Muhammad Kashif Sarwar revise the manuscript.

Funding

Not applicable

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author details

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam Pakistan

Ahmad S, Fiaz S, Riaz A, Bashir I, Zeb A. Correlation analysis of morphological and fiber quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Biol. 2016;9:200–8.
Alishah O, Bagherieh-Najjar MB, Fahmideh L. 2008. Correlation, path coefficient and factor analysis of some quantitative and agronomic traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Asian, J Biol Sci, 1: 61–8.
Alkuddsi Y, Patil SS, Manjula SM, Patil BC, Nadaf HL, Nandihali BS. Association analysis of seed cotton yield components and physiological parameters in derived F₁ inter specific crosses of cotton. Biol Meth. 2013;4:23–33.
Baloch MJ, Lochi R, Jatoi WA, Baloch AW, Arain MA. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation studies in F₂ populations of upland cotton. Pak j sci ind res Ser B: biol sci. 2018;61B(3):136–44.
Baloch MJ, Butt RZ, Jatoi WA, Rind IH, Halo FM, Keerio AA. Inheritance of polygenic traits in intra-hirsutum F₂ populations. J Agri Res. 2015;53(4):491–505.
Bhatti MHMI, Yousaf A, Ghani M, Arshad A, Shehzad A, Mumtaz MU, Khalid MZ, Khalid MZ, Mushtaq, Shah SAS. Assessment of genetic variability and traits association in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Bot Stud. 2020;5(2):148–51.
Bibi M, Khan NU, Mohammad F, Gul R, Khakwani AA, Sayal OU. Genetic divergence and association among polygenic characters in (Gossypium hirsutum. L). Pak J Bot. 2011;43:2751–8.
Chapepa BW, Mubvekeri M, Mare, Kutywayo D. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of polygenic traits of upland cotton genotypes grown in Zimbabwe. Cogent Food and Agriculture. 2020;6(1):1–11.
Deguine JP, Ferron P, Russell D. Sustainable pest management for cotton production. a review. Agro Sustain Dev. 2008;28:113–37.
Desalegn Z, Ratanadilok N, Kaveeta R. Correlation and heritability for yield and ber quality parameters of Ethiopian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) estimated from 15 (diallel) crosses. Kasetsart J. 2009;43:1–11.
Dowd MK, Boykin DL, Meredith JWR. Fatty acid proles of cottonseed genotypes from the national cotton variety trials. J Cotton Sci. 2010;14:64–73.
Falconer DS. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Richard Clay Ltd. Bungay Suffolk; 1989. Great Britain pp.129-1 85.
Falconer DS, Mackay TFC. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 4. ed.: Pearson; 2005.
Farooq J, Anwar M, Riaz M. Correlation and path coecient analysis of earliness, ber quality and yield contributing traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Anim Plant Sci. 2014;24(3):781790.
Gomez KA, Gomez AA. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agriculture Research. John Wilely and Sons. New York.
Government of Pakistan. -19. Pakistan Economic Survey. Islamabad: Ministry of Finance, Economic Advisor’s Wing; 2018.
Gul S, Khan NU, Batool S, Baloch MJ, Munir M, Sajid M, Khakwani AA, Ghaloo SH, Soomro ZA, Kazmi SF. Genotype by environment interaction and association morpho-yield variables in upland cotton. The J Anim Plant Sci. 2014;24(1):262–71.
Haq A, U NU, Khan H, Raza S, Gul S, Akbar SU, Khan S, Muhammad M, Ali H, Khan, Khan SM. Genetic attributes of F₃ populations and their parental lines in upland cotton. J Anim Plant Sci. 2017;27(2):655–66.
Ishaq MZ, Hassana A, Munira S, Shahzadb N, Anjamc MS, Bhutto MA, Qureshi MK. 2020. Effect of heritability genetic advance and correlation on yield contributing traits in upland cotton. J. Agr. Sci. Tarim. Bili, 1–14.
Jarwar AH, Wang X, Wang L. Genetic Advancement, Variability and Heritability in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Envir Agric Sci. 2018;6:24–31. 34.
Jawahar SGT. Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in F2 Generation of Interspecific Cross of Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium herbaceum for Yield and its Component Traits. Intl J Pure Appl Biosci. 2017;5:300–6.
Joshi V, Patil BR. Genetic variability and heritability study in F₂ population for yield, yield attributes and Fibre quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7:2816–8.
Khokhar ES, Shakeel A, Maqbool MA, Anwar MW, Tanveer Z, Irfan MF. Genetic study of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes for different agronomic, Yield and quality traits. Pakistan J Agricultural Res. 2017;30(4):363–72.
Komala M, Ganesan NM, Kumar M. Genetic variability, Heritability and Correlation Analysis in F₂ Populations of Ratoon Upland Cotton Hybrids. Int J Agric Envi Biotech. 2018;11(6):815–27.
Kumar CPS, Rajan SRREB, Muraleedharan A, Suji DB. 2019. Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.). Plant, Archives, 19 (1): pp. 934–7.
Kumar NVM, Katageri IS. Genetic Variability and Heritability Study in F₂ Population of (Gossypium barbadense L). Cotton for Yield and its Components. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2017;6(6):975–83.
Kumbhar ZM, Jatoi WA, Sootaher JK, Baloch MI, Gadahi AA, Menghwar KK, Chang MS, Kachi M. Studies on correlation and heritability estimates in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under the agroclimatic conditions of Tandojam, Sindh. Pakistan Pure Appl Biol. 2020;9(4):2272–8.
Lourenço VM, Rodrigues PC, Pires AM, Piepho HP. A robust DF-REML framework for variance components estimation in genetic studies. Bioinformatics. 2017;33(22):3584–94.
Memon S, Gandahi AWBN, Yasir TA. Evaluation of genetic divergence, character associations and path analysis in upland cotton genotypes. Pure App Bio. 2017;6(4):1516–21.
Naqib UK, Khan GH, Marwat B, Batool FS, Makhdoom K, Khan I, Khan IA, Ahmed W. Genetic variability and heritability in upland cotton. Pak J Bot. 2009;41(4):1695–705.
Nizamani MM, Nizamani FG, Rind RA, Khokhar AA, Mehmood A, Nizamani M. Heritability and genetic variability estimates in F₃ populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pure Appl Biol. 2020;9(1):352–68.
Panni MK, Khan NU, Wati F, Batool S, Bibi M. Heterotic studies and inbreeding depression in F₂ populations of upland cotton. Pak J Bot. 2012;44(3):1013–20.
Rahman M, Zafar Y, Paterson AH. Gossypium DNA markers types, number and uses. In: Paterson AH, editor. Genomics of cotton. Dordrecht: Springer; 2009.
Raza H, Khan NU, Khan SA, Gul S, Latif A, Hussain I, Khan J, Raza S, Baloch M. Genetic variability and correlation studies in F₄ populations of upland cotton. J Anim Plant Sci. 2016;26(4):1048–55.
Salahuddin S, Abro S, Rehman A, Iqbal K. Correlation analysis of seed cotton yield with some quantitative traits in upland cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.). Pak J Bot. 2010;42:3799–805.
Shar T, Baloch M, Arain M. Phenotypic associations, regression coecients and heritability estimates for quantitative and ber quality traits in upland cotton genotypes. Pak J Agric Eng Vet Sci. 2017;33(2):142–52.
Stewart L, Rossi J. Using cotton byproducts in beef cattle diets. 2010. B ulle tin. 1311.
Teklewold A, Jayaramaiah H, Jagadeesh BN. Correlations and path analysis of physio-morphological characters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as related to breeding method. Helia. 2000;23(32):105–14.
Vrinda J, Patil BR. Genetic variability and heritability study in F₂ population for yield, yiled attributes and fibre quality traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry. 2018;7(4):2816–8.
Xu S. 2013 Principles of Statistical Genomics. Springer, New York.

Table 1. List of Cotton genotypes utilized in this experiment.

Cotton Parents

Cotton F₂ Crosses

Bakhtawar
Mehran
Koonj
CRIS-508
CRIS-510

Bakhtawar x Mehran
Bakhtawar x Koonj
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510
Mehran x Koonj
Mehran x CRIS-508
Mehran x CRIS-510
Koonj x CRIS-508
Koonj x CRIS-510
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510

Table-2. Mean squares from ANOVA for quantitative traits of cotton genotype

Traits	Mean squares
Traits	Replications	Genotypes	Parents (P)	Crosses (C )	P vs V	Error
Degrees of freedom	02	14	05	09	36.36**	28
Days to 1^st boll formation	0.86	24.85**	38.87**	16.92**	2.24*	0.73
Days to 1^st 1^st boll opening	0.77	19.79**	51.96**	7.447**	27.78**	0.84
Bolls formation at 90 days	20.67	59.848**	5.357**	87.63**	523.16**	3.93
Plant height	329.96	560.80	1015.90	362.71**	0.72	436.09
Sympodial branches plant^-1	101.55	98.76	37.73**	136.78	4.11	74.92
Boll plant^-1	36.36	138.509**	64.28**	186.43**	0.01	33.02
Boll weight	0.047	0.296**	0.321**	0.317**	0.11	0.035
Seed cotton yield plant^-1	14.61	1022.60**	886.87**	1196.53**	6.48	59.15
GOT %	0.228	5.847**	1.758**	7.59**	3.358**	0.24
Staple length	9.228	7.90	1.498	11.25	36.36**	5.06

**,* = significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels respectively

Table. 3. Mean performance of cotton genotypes for yield and its related traits.

Genotypes	1^st boll formation DAP*	1^st boll opening DAP*	Bolls formation at 90 DAP*	Plant height (cm)	Sympodial branches plant^-1	Bolls plant^-1	Boll weight (g)	Seed cotton yield plant^-1(g)	GOT (%)	Staple length (mm)
Bakhtawar	56.43	85.13	19.80	106.47	27.97	50.13	2.73	136.67	37.45	27.84
Mehran	52.13	81.47	16.67	132.33	22.33	42.00	3.43	144.07	37.81	28.90
Koonj	48.23	76.13	19.80	119.60	21.40	38.13	2.59	99.59	37.00	26.97
CRIS-508	57.00	86.93	18.07	153.87	26.27	41.73	2.86	119.30	38.96	27.82
CRIS-510	54.77	83.60	19.13	140.93	29.60	39.73	3.08	122.43	38.35	28.27
Mean	53.71	82.65	18.69	130.64	25.51	42.35	2.94	124.41	37.91	27.96
Bakhtawar x Mehran	49.67	82.87	20.00	119.53	20.87	37.80	3.28	123.53	37.96	27.57
Bakhtawar x Koonj	49.87	83.13	15.60	119.40	33.00	40.13	3.03	126.31	35.16	32.17
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	51.07	82.87	13.73	134.00	23.67	39.13	3.26	122.57	35.84	28.77
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	51.40	82.80	20.53	110.93	20.67	49.07	2.63	128.56	35.54	31.83
Mehran x Koonj	49.07	82.33	32.73	106.07	21.00	53.13	3.16	167.83	37.94	28.53
Mehran x CRIS-508	54.07	84.40	24.53	128.40	28.80	26.98	3.30	128.93	39.65	27.90
Mehran x CRIS-510	54.87	84.53	20.40	131.73	23.80	47.07	2.83	132.43	37.66	27.43
Koonj x CRIS-508	49.93	80.07	19.93	113.47	21.00	32.93	2.67	87.49	37.33	27.30
Koonj x CRIS-510	52.33	82.33	20.80	132.60	25.67	44.93	2.51	112.62	38.84	26.47
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	55.80	85.93	15.33	137.93	24.00	45.87	2.51	114.81	35.18	27.40
Mean	51.81	83.13	20.36	123.41	25.25	41.71	2.92	124.51	37.11	28.54
LSD at 5%	1.42	1.53	3.31	34.92	14.47	9.61	0.31	12.86	0.82	3.76

Table-4. Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for days to 1^st boll formation DAP*

F₂progenies	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability percentage (h^2.b^.s)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	5.55	49.71	17.99	5.83
Bakhtawar x Koonj	4.33	87.82	21.58	8.06
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	9.53	58.54	73.99	4.43
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	3.50	46.60	76.91	5.29
Mehran x Koonj	6.80	79.78	84.56	3.94
Mehran x CRIS-508	8.90	102.32	73.50	3.33
Mehran x CRIS-510	2.58	53.55	55.10	4.93
Koonj x CRIS-508	6.78	45.02	61.86	9.21
Koonj x CRIS-510	7.33	82.27	43.00	2.77
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	6.89	50.89	61.63	6.61

Table-5. Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for days to 1^st boll opening DAP*

F₂progenies	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability percentage (h^2.b^.s)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	15.89	175.33	71.10	11.60
Bakhtawar x Koonj	23.74	189.42	75.63	8.24
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	10.78	135.57	77.80	11.38
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	10.82	170.76	25.83	17.64
Mehran x Koonj	4.89	140.90	52.22	13.11
Mehran x CRIS-508	6.80	217.46	43.05	14.53
Mehran x CRIS-510	11.21	189.72	71.26	11.87
Koonj x CRIS-508	7.56	66.17	64.15	5.85
Koonj x CRIS-510	6.89	82.08	77.06	14.58
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	12.28	111.30	51.51	12.28

Table-6. Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for bolls formation at 90 DAP*

F₂progenies	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability percentage (h^2.b^.s)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	10.02	64.06	16.06	5.65
Bakhtawar x Koonj	8.00	148.96	61.32	6.82
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	9.34	130.19	82.03	8.06
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	11.33	141.39	9.85	3.55
Mehran x Koonj	12.58	221.73	68.31	9.08
Mehran x CRIS-508	10.51	199.26	49.77	10.48
Mehran x CRIS-510	12.04	120.18	27.19	10.06
Koonj x CRIS-508	20.85	117.80	9.53	3.34
Koonj x CRIS-510	15.67	115.36	79.26	13.63
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	8.90	111.21	70.43	12.81

Table-7. Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for plant height *

F₂progenies	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability percentage (h^2.b^.s)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	31.56	195.30	42.67	9.76
Bakhtawar x Koonj	23.68	226.26	71.77	6.74
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	13.78	265.82	61.03	23.15
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	20.10	197.12	46.04	17.89
Mehran x Koonj	17.45	159.42	74.42	7.32
Mehran x CRIS-508	13.68	134.30	59.58	22.03
Mehran x CRIS-510	16.78	136.84	77.71	17.86
Koonj x CRIS-508	20.85	117.80	9.53	3.34
Koonj x CRIS-510	15.67	115.36	79.26	13.63
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	8.90	111.21	70.43	12.81

Table-8. Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for Sympodial branches plant^-1

F₂progenies	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability percentage (h^2.b^.s)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	5.67	201.13	86.26	16.96
Bakhtawar x Koonj	8.90	79.52	74.72	6.02
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	7.80	173.99	31.12	12.95
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	12.60	393.88	69.11	23.34
Mehran x Koonj	10.55	238.70	88.78	23.24
Mehran x CRIS-508	9.60	139.25	77.09	22.94
Mehran x CRIS-510	7.12	191.59	38.77	15.17
Koonj x CRIS-508	3.45	136.27	30.94	11.43
Koonj x CRIS-510	8.70	144.90	27.61	11.13
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	9.67	207.46	66.05	15.22

Table 9 Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for Boll plant^-1

F₂ populations	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability (h2 b.s.%)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	17.66	711.42	49.85	3.15
Bakhtawar x Koonj	18.56	557.53	39.10	5.98
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	19.67	552.26	33.81	4.05
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	24.23	32.26	10.34	1.16
Mehran x Koonj	14.37	121.92	42.98	10.19
Mehran x CRIS-508	23.45	222.07	14.51	9.99
Mehran x CRIS-510	13.30	542.24	24.50	3.29
Koonj x CRIS-508	10.60	514.29	47.47	2.50
Koonj x CRIS-510	11.59	114.35	55.67	4.48
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	13.05	441.02	20.99	1.93

Table 10 Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for Boll weight

F₂ populations	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability (h2 b.s.%)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	3.56	21.01	49.40	0.54
Bakhtawar x Koonj	6.67	14.22	37.24	2.21
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	5.62	12.06	20.82	1.15
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	7.78	11.58	22.80	1.06
Mehran x Koonj	8.13	10.79	77.91	0.44
Mehran x CRIS-508	9.23	10.93	88.55	0.50
Mehran x CRIS-510	5.10	12.63	32.77	1.63
Koonj x CRIS-508	2.89	09.32	24.53	0.21
Koonj x CRIS-510	3.67	11.80	28.42	1.26
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	4.45	12.54	40.23	1.78

Table 11 : Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for Seed cotton yield plant^-1

F₂ populations	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability (h2 b.s.%)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	66.00	248.08	43.61	4.76
Bakhtawar x Koonj	15.22	215.00	72.32	10.04
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	45.00	236.01	79.56	20.62
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	43.12	210.21	80.06	21.14
Mehran x Koonj	26.79	118.21	43.31	25.38
Mehran x CRIS-508	26.40	275.41	55.27	11.95
Mehran x CRIS-510	13.18	142.54	61.95	14.55
Koonj x CRIS-508	25.20	233.37	57.97	9.22
Koonj x CRIS-510	18.78	228.47	61.80	3.57
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	22.60	160.85	44.10	2.42

Table 12 Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for GOT %

F₂ populations	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability (h2 b.s.%)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	13.19	25.08	1.74	1.16
Bakhtawar x Koonj	22.10	68.78	10.27	6.48
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	8.65	78.76	13.65	8.61
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	9.55	102.40	7.67	14.93
Mehran x Koonj	13.55	78.67	90.52	23.07
Mehran x CRIS-508	22.56	77.68	39.34	27.45
Mehran x CRIS-510	23.56	78.89	52.16	24.65
Koonj x CRIS-508	47.45	113.69	22.51	14.79
Koonj x CRIS-510	54.76	52.43	29.99	20.50
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	18.90	57.13	20.78	12.86

Table 13 Genetic analysis, genetic coefficient of variability (GCV), genetic variance (GV), heritability (h² b.s. %) and genetic advance (GA) of F₂ populations of cotton genotypes for Staple length

F₂ populations	Genetic coefficient of variability (GCV)	Genetic variance (g)	Heritability (h2 b.s.%)	Genetic advance (GA)
Bakhtawar x Mehran	10.50	45.21	55.95	12.89
Bakhtawar x Koonj	31.36	81.77	19.84	14.99
Bakhtawar x CRIS-508	22.12	45.48	84.89	12.48
Bakhtawar x CRIS-510	20.64	54.59	14.26	2.14
Mehran x Koonj	20.58	54.48	54.24	22.13
Mehran x CRIS-508	15.60	38.70	34.97	12.44
Mehran x CRIS-510	9.80	55.15	77.33	23.54
Koonj x CRIS-508	13.60	46.28	52.18	11.05
Koonj x CRIS-510	6.68	51.72	17.38	13.44
CRIS-508 x CRIS-510	15.78	74.98	50.49	24.94

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this older preprint version

Read the latest preprint version →

Genetic variability and heritability estimates in F2 populations of intra hirsutum for various traits

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Introduction

Materials And Method

Results And Discussion

Analysis of variance

Conclusions

Declarations

References

Tables

Status:

Version 1