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Research article
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen
University of Gondar
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-468X
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The most recent version of this article is available here.
Background Timely vaccination is key to prevent unnecessary childhood mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the substantial efforts to improve vaccination completeness, the effort towards timeliness of vaccination is limited with non-attendance and delays to vaccination appointments remaining a big challenge in developing countries. There is also a limited evidence on timeliness of vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors for timely completion of vaccination among children in Gondar town administration, north-west, Ethiopia.
Methods This study employed a community-based cross sectional study design. A sample size of 821 children aged 12-23 months were considered. Two stages random sampling technique was applied. To account the effect of clustering, both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis were applied. The measures of association estimates were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their 95% confidence intervals.
Results Of the 774 children included for the analysis, 498 (64.3%) were fully vaccinated while 247 (31.9%) were fully vaccinated on-time. Caregivers of greater than 35 years old (AOR= 0.469; 95% CI: 0.253-0.869], who had secondary education and above (AOR = 2.391; 95% CI: 1.317- 4.343), from richest households (AOR = 2.381; 95% CI: 1.502-3.773), children whose mothers attended four and more ante natal care visits (AOR = 2.844; 95% CI: 1.310-6.174) and who had two or more post natal care visits (AOR =2.054; 95%CI:1.377-3.063) were positively associated with on-time full vaccination. In contrary, being vaccinated at health post (AOR=0.144; 95%CI: 0.048-0.428) and caregivers who travelled more than 30 minutes (AOR= 0.158; 95%CI: 0.033-0.739) were negatively associated with on-time full vaccination. The random effects indicated that 26% of the variability in on-time full vaccination was attributable to differences between communities.
Conclusion In this study, untimely vaccination was found to be high. Different individual and contextual factors were found to be associated with on-time full vaccination. Therefore, tailored strategies have to be designed and implemented to address people and the communities where they live. Moreover, timeliness of vaccination should be considered as another important indicator of the immunization program performance in Ethiopia.
Keywords
Immunization, Vaccination, Timeliness, Completeness, Ethiopia
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Received 07 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Apr, 2020
Version 1
Posted 02 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 02 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Jan, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen
University of Gondar
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-468X
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 14 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Apr, 2020
Version 1
Posted 02 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 02 Apr, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 25 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Jan, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The most recent version of this article is available here.
Background Timely vaccination is key to prevent unnecessary childhood mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite the substantial efforts to improve vaccination completeness, the effort towards timeliness of vaccination is limited with non-attendance and delays to vaccination appointments remaining a big challenge in developing countries. There is also a limited evidence on timeliness of vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors for timely completion of vaccination among children in Gondar town administration, north-west, Ethiopia.
Methods This study employed a community-based cross sectional study design. A sample size of 821 children aged 12-23 months were considered. Two stages random sampling technique was applied. To account the effect of clustering, both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis were applied. The measures of association estimates were expressed as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with their 95% confidence intervals.
Results Of the 774 children included for the analysis, 498 (64.3%) were fully vaccinated while 247 (31.9%) were fully vaccinated on-time. Caregivers of greater than 35 years old (AOR= 0.469; 95% CI: 0.253-0.869], who had secondary education and above (AOR = 2.391; 95% CI: 1.317- 4.343), from richest households (AOR = 2.381; 95% CI: 1.502-3.773), children whose mothers attended four and more ante natal care visits (AOR = 2.844; 95% CI: 1.310-6.174) and who had two or more post natal care visits (AOR =2.054; 95%CI:1.377-3.063) were positively associated with on-time full vaccination. In contrary, being vaccinated at health post (AOR=0.144; 95%CI: 0.048-0.428) and caregivers who travelled more than 30 minutes (AOR= 0.158; 95%CI: 0.033-0.739) were negatively associated with on-time full vaccination. The random effects indicated that 26% of the variability in on-time full vaccination was attributable to differences between communities.
Conclusion In this study, untimely vaccination was found to be high. Different individual and contextual factors were found to be associated with on-time full vaccination. Therefore, tailored strategies have to be designed and implemented to address people and the communities where they live. Moreover, timeliness of vaccination should be considered as another important indicator of the immunization program performance in Ethiopia.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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