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Research
Tatiana Sulesco
Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-1461
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodiae) in the Republic of Moldova have been understudied for decades. Our study provides a first update on their occurrence, species composition and bloodmeal sources after fifty years.
Methods: During 5 seasons (2013-2017), 58 localities from 20 regions were surveyed for presence of sand flies using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Species identification was done by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling). In engorged females, host blood was identified by three molecular techniques (RFLP, cytb sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping). Population structure of most abundant species was studied by cox1 haplotyping, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox1 genetic markers were used to resolve relationships of other detected species.
Results: In total, 780 sand flies were collected at 30 (51.7%) localities from 12 regions of Moldova. Three species were identified by an integrative morphological and molecular approach: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi and Adlerius sp., the first being the most abundant and widespread, markedly anthropophilic based of bloodmeal analyses and occurring also indoor, showing low structuring of population with only 5 haplotypes of cox1 detected. Distinct morphological and molecular characters of Adlerius sp. specimens suggest presence of yet undescribed species.
Conclusions: Our study revealed a presence of stable sand fly population of three species in Moldova that pose a nuisance by biting as well as potential thread of pathogen transmission and shall be further studied.
Keywords
Phlebotomus, bloodmeal analysis, haplotype network, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile2TableS2.xlsx
Additional file 2: Table S2. (.xls) Information on Phlebotomus papatasi specimens used for haplotype network constructed by PopArt using TCS method.
- graphicalabstract.tif
- Additionalfile3TableS3.xlsx
Additional file 3: Table S3. (.xls) Engorged P. papatasi females analyzed for identification of blood origin and indicates which methods were applied.
- Additionalfile1TableS1.xlsx
Additional file 1: Table S1. (.xls) Positive sand fly localities in the Republic of Moldova.
- AdditionalfilefigureS1.pdf
Additional file 5: Figure S1. (.tiff) Haplotype networks constructed for P. balcanicus from Romania (GenBank Accession Number: MK425636), Serbia (GenBank Accession Number: MN003380), Turkey (GenBank Accession Numbers: MN086653- MN086654), and P. creticus from Crete (GenBank Accession Numbers: MT501623-MT501638). The relative frequency of haplotypes was reflected by the size of the circle, missing haplotypes were illustrated by the small circles and dashes represent the mutational steps.
- Additionalfile4TableS4.xlsx
Additional file 4: Table S4. (.xls) cox1 sequence divergence between Adlerius sp. from Moldova and some members of the subgenus Adlerius based on K2P nucleotide substitution model. Intraspecific distances were indicated on the diagonal line.
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View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
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Received 11 Mar, 2021
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On 18 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 08 Feb, 2021
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On 01 Feb, 2021
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Invitations sent on 31 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Parasites & Vectors.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Tatiana Sulesco
Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-1461
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
Version 1
Posted 01 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 20 Mar, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 11 Mar, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 19 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 18 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 Feb, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 08 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Jan, 2021
Editor invited
On 24 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 24 Jan, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 24 Jan, 2021
First submitted
On 23 Jan, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Parasitology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodiae) in the Republic of Moldova have been understudied for decades. Our study provides a first update on their occurrence, species composition and bloodmeal sources after fifty years.
Methods: During 5 seasons (2013-2017), 58 localities from 20 regions were surveyed for presence of sand flies using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Species identification was done by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling). In engorged females, host blood was identified by three molecular techniques (RFLP, cytb sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping). Population structure of most abundant species was studied by cox1 haplotyping, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox1 genetic markers were used to resolve relationships of other detected species.
Results: In total, 780 sand flies were collected at 30 (51.7%) localities from 12 regions of Moldova. Three species were identified by an integrative morphological and molecular approach: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi and Adlerius sp., the first being the most abundant and widespread, markedly anthropophilic based of bloodmeal analyses and occurring also indoor, showing low structuring of population with only 5 haplotypes of cox1 detected. Distinct morphological and molecular characters of Adlerius sp. specimens suggest presence of yet undescribed species.
Conclusions: Our study revealed a presence of stable sand fly population of three species in Moldova that pose a nuisance by biting as well as potential thread of pathogen transmission and shall be further studied.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Additionalfile2TableS2.xlsx
Additional file 2: Table S2. (.xls) Information on Phlebotomus papatasi specimens used for haplotype network constructed by PopArt using TCS method.
- graphicalabstract.tif
- Additionalfile3TableS3.xlsx
Additional file 3: Table S3. (.xls) Engorged P. papatasi females analyzed for identification of blood origin and indicates which methods were applied.
- Additionalfile1TableS1.xlsx
Additional file 1: Table S1. (.xls) Positive sand fly localities in the Republic of Moldova.
- AdditionalfilefigureS1.pdf
Additional file 5: Figure S1. (.tiff) Haplotype networks constructed for P. balcanicus from Romania (GenBank Accession Number: MK425636), Serbia (GenBank Accession Number: MN003380), Turkey (GenBank Accession Numbers: MN086653- MN086654), and P. creticus from Crete (GenBank Accession Numbers: MT501623-MT501638). The relative frequency of haplotypes was reflected by the size of the circle, missing haplotypes were illustrated by the small circles and dashes represent the mutational steps.
- Additionalfile4TableS4.xlsx
Additional file 4: Table S4. (.xls) cox1 sequence divergence between Adlerius sp. from Moldova and some members of the subgenus Adlerius based on K2P nucleotide substitution model. Intraspecific distances were indicated on the diagonal line.
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