In our study, the questionnaire was designed to generate respondents’ personal data. The following tables summarize the results.
Table1: Distribution of respondents by sex
Sex
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Female
|
113
|
100
|
Total
|
113
|
100
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
All participants in this study were female, a total of 120 respondents were initially selected, and only 113 filled and returned the questionnaires.
Table 2 Distribution of respondents by age
Age
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
8-10
|
2
|
1.8
|
11-13
|
19
|
16.8
|
14-16
|
67
|
59.3
|
17-19
|
25
|
22.1
|
TOTAL
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
Table 2 shows the distribution of respondents based on their age. 1.8% of the respondents were between the ages of 8-10, 16.8% were between the age of 11 and 13, and the age group with the highest response was between 14-16 (59.3%), while 22.1% were between the ages of 17 and 19. The total frequency for the ages of the respondents was 113 corresponding with the 100 percent.
Table 3 Distribution of respondents by religion
Religion
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Christianity
|
34
|
30.1
|
Islam
|
79
|
69.9
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
Table 3 above showed the distribution of respondents based on their religion. 30.1% were Christians and the majority of the respondents corresponding to 69.9% were Muslims.
Table 4 Distribution of respondents by family type
Religion
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Nuclear
|
21
|
18.6
|
Polygamy
|
92
|
81.4
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 4 above, teenagers from nuclear family represented 18.6%. A huge number of the respondents represented by 81.4% were from a polygamous home. It can be inferred from this figure that children from a polygamous home are more likely to be subjected to child labour than those from a nuclear family.
Table 5 Distribution of respondents fathers by number of wife (wives)
Wife (wives) in the family
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
One
|
21
|
18.6
|
Two
|
36
|
31.9
|
Above two
|
56
|
49.6
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 5 above, only 18.6% of the respondents’ fathers had one wife, 31.9% had two wives, while the majority of the respondents’ fathers represented by 49.6% had more than two wives. It can be inferred that children whose father have more than two wives are more likely to be engaged in child labour than those whose father have only one wife.
Table 6 Distribution of respondents by school enrolment
School enrolment
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
97
|
85.8
|
No
|
16
|
14.2
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
Table 6 above showed that majority of the respondents represented by 85.8% were attending school, while only few (14.2%) of them were not attending school. It can be inferred from this figure that the reason most of the children engaged in child labour could be to support their poor parents in paying their school fees.
Table 7 Distribution of respondents by school dropout
Drop out
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
12
|
10.6
|
No
|
101
|
89.4
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 7 above, a few number of the respondents who were schooling before represented by 10.6% dropped out of school due to combination of schooling with hawking. While majority represented by 89.4% were still attending school coupled with hawking.
Table 8 Distribution of respondents by reasons for hawking
Reasons
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Money to go to school
|
33
|
29.2
|
To buy food
|
31
|
27.4
|
To assist parents
|
39
|
34.5
|
Others
|
10
|
8.8
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 8 above, 29.2% of the respondents hawk in order to get money to go to school, 27.4% hawk to get money to buy food, and 34.5% hawk to assist parents financially. Only a few number of the respondents (8.8%) hawk for other reasons.(i.e to take care of themselves).
Table 9 Distribution of respondents based on “being touched in places they don’t like” (sexual harassment)
Touched
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
79
|
69.9
|
No
|
34
|
30.1
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 9 above, majority of the respondents represented by 69.9% reported that they had been touched in places that they don’t like (e.g breast and buttocks). Only a little number of the girls reported that they had not been touched in places they do not like before. It can be inferred that sexual harassment of the girl child is common in the streets as reported by Okoro & Obozokha [18]. It can be concluded from this evidence that most girls who hawk are more exposed to sexual harrassment by men.
Table 10 Distribution of respondents based on how often they experience an “unwelcome touch” (sexual harassment)
How frequent
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Everyday
|
28
|
24.8
|
Sometimes
|
37
|
32.7
|
Not at all
|
14
|
12.4
|
Total
|
79
|
69.9
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 10 above, 24.8% of the respondents experienced unwelcome touch every day, while 32.7% experienced unwelcome touch sometimes, only 12.4% of the respondents reported that they had not experience unwelcome touch during hawking. From this table it can be inferred that majority of the girls on the streets who are engaged in child labour had experienced one form of sexual harassment at one time or the other during hawking as indicated by the report of Isibor, (2012); (Akpala & Uzochukwu (2000).
Table 11 Distribution of respondents based on whether they have started having sex
Started Having Sex
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
63
|
55.8
|
No
|
50
|
44.2
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 11 above, majority of the female hawkers (55.8%) reported that they had started having sex. While 44.2% of them reported that they had not started having sex. This finding was in line with the report of Akpala and Uzochukwu, (2000), that majority of female hawkers were vulnerable to early sexual activities.
Table 12 Distribution of respondents based on their perceptions whether female hawkers are likely to be pregnant
Female hawkers likely to be pregnant
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
62
|
54.9
|
No
|
51
|
45.1
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 12 above, those who reported that female hawker are more likely to get pregnant during hawking represented 54.9%. for instance it was discovered from one of the pregnant teen who indicated that she was lured into having sexual intercourse with the man who got her pregnant with enticing gift and money. This finding is in line with earlier reports by Akpala and Uzochukwu, 2000; and Ikechebelu. while those who reported that female hawkers are less likely to get pregnant while hawking represented 45.1% of the respondents.
Table 13 Distribution of respondents based on having seen someone got pregnant while hawking
Seen someone got pregnant while hawking
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
108
|
95.6
|
No
|
5
|
4.4
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 13 above, an overwhelming majority (95.6%) had seen teenagers who had got pregnant while hawking. Only minority of the respondents (4.4%) reported that they had not seen anyone got pregnant while hawking. It can be inferred from the figure that teenage pregnancy is a common social problem in line with the survey reported by Makinwa-Adebusoye et al (2011). Most of these young pregnant teens do not go for medical check-up and even those who go at all often do not go regularly. This was confirmed by the interview of the two pregnant teens for this study. For instance, one of the respondent reported that she only went for medical check-up once, while the other respondent who was 5months pregnant had never gone for antenatal check-up. This may lead to pregnancy complications and maternal mortality as reported in earlier finding by Okoro et al [17]
Table 14 Distribution of respondents on ever being raped before
Have you been raped before
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
28
|
24.8
|
No
|
85
|
75.2
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 14 above, 24.8% of the respondents reported that they had been raped before, while majority represented by 75.2% had not been raped before.
Table 15 Distribution of respondents based on how frequently they are raped
How frequent do someone rape you
|
Frequency
|
Percentage(%)
|
Regularly
|
11
|
9.7
|
Not often
|
17
|
15.0
|
Total
|
28
|
24.8
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 15 above, 9.7% of the respondents reported that they were regular victims of rape, while 15.0% of the respondents reported not often. This suggested a growing number of repeated rape cases among teenage female hawkers.
Table 16 Distribution of respondents based on whether they know what a condom is
Do you know condom
|
Frequency
|
Percentage(%)
|
Yes
|
52
|
46.0
|
No
|
61
|
54.0
|
Total
|
113
|
100
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 16 above, only 46% of the respondents reported that they knew what condom is, majority still confessed that they don’t know what a condom is. This figures calls for sensitizing female hawkers on what a condom is and how well it can be used to minimize sexually transmitted diseases. However the best method remains abstinence from teenage sex.
Table 17 Distribution of respondents based on whether they use condom in their last sex
Do you and your partner use condom
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
Yes
|
72
|
63.7
|
No
|
41
|
36.3
|
Total
|
113
|
100
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From Table 17 , 63.7% of the respondents indicated that they use condom with their partner at their last sex, while 36.3% of the respondents reported that they did not use condom with their partner in their last sex.
Table 18 Distribution of respondents based on how many men they have had sex with in the past one month
Number of Men Ever Had Sex With
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
None
|
30
|
26.5
|
One
|
34
|
30.1
|
Two
|
26
|
23.0
|
Three
|
15
|
13.3
|
More than three
|
8
|
7.1
|
Total
|
113
|
100.0
|
Source: Field Survey 2018
From table 18, 26.5% of the respondents reported that they did not have sex with any man in the last one month, 30.1% reported that they had sex just with one man, 23% had sex with two men, 13.3% had sex with three men and 7.1% had sex with more than three men in the past one month. It can be inferred from this study that adolescents who starts having sex early are prone to have multiple sexual partner.