|
Intervention groups
|
Study
|
Year
|
Main parts of interventions, frequency and duration of exercise program
|
Group size
|
Main Outcome
|
Arcoverde [29]
|
2014
|
30 min treadmill walking at 60% of VO2max; 2x a week; 16 weeks
|
10
|
MMSE
|
Arrieta [30]
|
2020
|
25 min strength training - arm curl, chair stand, leg flexion and abduction; 2x a week; 36 weeks
|
45
|
MoCA
|
Bademli [31]
|
2018
|
40 min aerobics exercise 4x a week and 40 min walking 3x a week; 20 weeks
|
30
|
MMSE
|
Bossers [32]
|
2015
|
30 min walking; 36 individualized sessions in 9 weeks
|
36
|
MMSE
|
Bossers [32]
|
2015
|
30 min of strength sessions or walking sessions; 18 and 18 individualized sessions in 9 weeks
|
37
|
MMSE
|
Cancela [33]
|
2016
|
15 min cycling ergometer; 7x a week; 60 weeks
|
51
|
MMSE
|
de Souto Barreto [34]
|
2017
|
10–15 min of muscle strengthening (e.g., weight lifting), 20 minutes of aerobic exercise (mostly walking); 2x a week; 24 weeks
|
44
|
MMSE
|
Dorner [35]
|
2007
|
25 min of strength training, 10 minutes of balance training; 3x a week; 10 weeks
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Enette [36]
|
2020
|
30 min of continuous aerobic training 2x a week; 9 weeks
|
14
|
MMSE
|
Enette [36]
|
2020
|
30 min of interval aerobic training 2x a week; 9 weeks
|
17
|
MMSE
|
Fiatarone [37]
|
2014
|
75 min on pneumatic resistance machines; 3x a week; 6 months
|
22
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Harris [38]
|
2017
|
15-30 min walking; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
8
|
MMSE
|
Henskens [39]
|
2018
|
30-45 min combined strength and walking; 3x a week; 6 months
|
22
|
MMSE
|
Holthoff [40]
|
2015
|
30 min home-based motor-assisted or active resistive training of the legs; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Hong [41]
|
2018
|
60 min exercise with an elastic band at 15-repetition maximum (65% of 1RM); 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
10
|
MoCA
|
Cheng [42]
|
2014
|
60 min tai chi 12-form yang style; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
39
|
MMSE
|
Christofoletti [43]
|
2008
|
60 min kinesiotherapeutic exercises; 3x a week; 6 months
|
17
|
MMSE
|
Kemoun [44]
|
2010
|
60 min articular mobilization, muscle stimulation, and walking; 3x a week; 15 weeks
|
16
|
ERFC
|
Kwak [45]
|
2008
|
30 - 60 min chair exercises max. 60% VO2 max; 2-3x a week; 12 months
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Lam [46]
|
2015
|
60 min stretching and toning exercise, one mind body exercise (e.g. Tai Chi) and one aerobic exercise session (e.g. static bicycle riding); 3x a week; 12 months
|
147
|
MMSE
|
Lamb [47]
|
2018
|
70 min aerobic and strengthening exercise program of moderate to high intensity; 2x a week; 6 months
|
298
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Langoni [48]
|
2018
|
60 min exercise with elastic bands, balls, ankle weights, own body weight, and dumbbells; 2x a week; 24 weeks
|
26
|
MMSE
|
Lautenschlager [49]
|
2008
|
50 min walking, light strength training exercise, circuit gym exercise; 3x a week; 24 weeks
|
85
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Miu [50]
|
2008
|
60 min aerobic exercise training with treadmill, bicycle, arm ergometry and flexibility exercises; 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
36
|
MMSE
|
Mollinedo Cardalda [51]
|
2019
|
60 min strength training by means of Therabands; 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
25
|
MMSE
|
Mollinedo Cardalda [51]
|
2019
|
60 min multi-calisthenics performed mostly in the seated position; 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
23
|
MMSE
|
Muscari [52]
|
2009
|
60 min cycle ergometer, treadmill and free-body activity at intensity 70% of maximal heart rate; 3x a week; 12 months
|
60
|
MMSE
|
Nascimento [53]
|
2015
|
60 min program aimed to stimulate aerobic metabolism; 3x a week; 6 months
|
24
|
MoCA
|
Qi [54]
|
2019
|
35 min dance with a target heart rate; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
16
|
MMSE
|
Sanders [55]
|
2020
|
30 min walking and lower limb strength training program with 12 weeks low- and 12 weeks high-intensity training; 3x a week; 24 weeks
|
39
|
MMSE
|
Siu [56]
|
2018
|
60 min tai chi 24 yang-style simple form; 2x a week; 16 weeks
|
80
|
MMSE
|
Song [57]
|
2019
|
60 min aerobic stepping exercise program; 3x a week; 16 weeks
|
60
|
MoCA
|
Sun [58]
|
2015
|
60 min tai chi 24 yang-style simple form; 2x a week; 6 months
|
72
|
MMSE
|
Tao [59]
|
2019
|
60 min Baduanjin training; 3x a week; 24 weeks
|
20
|
MoCA
|
Tao [59]
|
2019
|
60 min brisk walking; 3x a week; 24 weeks
|
17
|
MoCA
|
Toots [60]
|
2017
|
40 min high-intensity functional exercises performed in weight bearing positions; 5x per two-week; 16 weeks
|
81
|
MMSE
|
Van de Winckel [61]
|
2004
|
30 min music-based dance therapy; 7x a week; 6 weeks
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Varela [62]
|
2012
|
30 min exercise on 60% of participant’s heart rate reserve; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
16
|
MMSE
|
Varela [62]
|
2012
|
30 min exercise on 40% of participant’s heart rate reserve; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
17
|
MMSE
|
Venturelli [63]
|
2011
|
30 min walking; 4x a week; 6 months
|
12
|
MMSE
|
Vreugdenhil [64]
|
2012
|
30 min upper and lower body strength and balance training in addition to at least 30 minutes of brisk walking; daily; 16 weeks
|
20
|
MMSE
|
Wei [65]
|
2014
|
30 min handball training; 5x a week; 6 months
|
30
|
MMSE
|
Williamson [66]
|
2009
|
60 min combination of aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises; 3x a week; 12 months
|
50
|
MMSE
|
Yang [67]
|
2015
|
40 min cycling training at 70% of maximal intensity; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
25
|
MMSE
|
Yoon [68]
|
2017
|
60 min elastic band training (tension: very low); 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
14
|
MMSE
|
Yoon [68]
|
2017
|
60 min elastic band training (tension: high); 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
9
|
MMSE
|
|
Control groups
|
Study
|
|
Activities
|
Group size
|
Main Outcome
|
Arcoverde [29]
|
2014
|
-
|
10
|
MMSE
|
Arrieta [30]
|
2020
|
Activities will be low intensity: memory workshops, reading, singing, etc.
|
43
|
MoCA
|
Bademli [31]
|
2018
|
-
|
30
|
MMSE
|
Bossers [32]
|
2015
|
Four social visits each week
|
36
|
MMSE
|
Cancela [33]
|
2016
|
Recreational activities - card-playing, reading, craftwork
|
63
|
MMSE
|
de Souto Barreto [34]
|
2017
|
Social activity 60 min 2x a week
|
47
|
MMSE
|
Dorner [35]
|
2007
|
-
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Enette [36]
|
2020
|
Interactive information sessions around multiple-choice questionnaires 1x a week
|
21
|
MMSE
|
Fiatarone [37]
|
2014
|
Watching 5 short National Geographic videos + tests and stretching and seated calisthenics
|
27
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Harris [38]
|
2017
|
30–45 minute social visits from a student volunteer 1x a week
|
8
|
MMSE
|
Henskens [39]
|
2018
|
Drink tea with the nursing staff 3 times per week
|
22
|
MMSE
|
Holthoff [40]
|
2015
|
-
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Hong [41]
|
2018
|
-
|
12
|
MoCA
|
Cheng [42]
|
2014
|
60 min simple handicrafts; 3x a week; 12 weeks
|
35
|
MMSE
|
Christofoletti [43]
|
2008
|
-
|
20
|
MMSE
|
Kemoun [44]
|
2010
|
Manual and intellectual activities organized by the nursing home (pottery, painting, soft gymnastics, outings, etc.)
|
15
|
ERFC
|
Kwak [45]
|
2008
|
-
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Lam [46]
|
2015
|
At least three one-hour social activity sessions per week
|
131
|
MMSE
|
Lamb [47]
|
2018
|
-
|
145
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Langoni [48]
|
2018
|
-
|
26
|
MMSE
|
Lautenschlager [49]
|
2008
|
Educational material about memory loss, stress management, healthful diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking
|
85
|
ADAS-Cog
|
Miu [50]
|
2008
|
-
|
49
|
MMSE
|
Mollinedo Cardalda [51]
|
2019
|
60 min crafts, reading comprehension and cognitive stimulation activities; 2x a week; 12 weeks
|
29
|
MMSE
|
Muscari [52]
|
2009
|
Educational materials about suggestions to improve lifestyle, including individualized self-administered programs to increase physical activity
|
60
|
MMSE
|
Nascimento [53]
|
2015
|
-
|
21
|
MoCA
|
Qi [54]
|
2019
|
-
|
16
|
MMSE
|
Sanders [55]
|
2020
|
Flexibility exercises and recreational activities
|
30
|
MMSE
|
Siu [56]
|
2018
|
-
|
80
|
MMSE
|
Song [57]
|
2019
|
Health education program included eight bi-weekly educational classes (45 min/each session)
|
60
|
MoCA
|
Sun [58]
|
2015
|
Playing cards or singing at the activity center
|
66
|
MMSE
|
Tao [59]
|
2019
|
Health education every 8 weeks for 30 min per session
|
20
|
MoCA
|
Toots [60]
|
2017
|
Participants conversed, sang, listened to music or readings, and/or looked at pictures and objects
|
85
|
MMSE
|
Van de Winckel [61]
|
2004
|
One-to-one conversation
|
10
|
MMSE
|
Varela [62]
|
2012
|
Recreational activities - playing cards, reading newspapers, handicrafts
|
15
|
MMSE
|
Venturelli [63]
|
2011
|
Organized activities like bingo, patchwork sewing, and music therapy
|
12
|
MMSE
|
Vreugdenhil [64]
|
2012
|
-
|
20
|
MMSE
|
Wei [65]
|
2014
|
-
|
30
|
MMSE
|
Williamson [66]
|
2009
|
Health education - a session per week included health topics relevant to older adults such as nutrition, medications, foot care, and recommended preventive services at different ages
|
52
|
MMSE
|
Yang [67]
|
2015
|
Health education
|
25
|
MMSE
|
Yoon [68]
|
2017
|
Static and dynamic stretching once a week for 60 min
|
7
|
MMSE
|
Note: MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; ERFC: Rapid Evaluation of Cognitive Function; ADAS-Cog: Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|