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Research article
Kathleen Kenny
University of Manitoba Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-5213
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Objectives There is a paucity of research on patterns of cyber-victimization in minority groups, including immigrants. This study aimed at identifying individual, interpersonal and contextual characteristics associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants.
Methods We drew on nationally representative data from adolescents and adults in the Canadian General Social Survey on victimization (2014). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify potential factors associated with cyber-victimization in the last 12 months, stratified by immigrant status and sex.
Results Among 27,425 survey respondents, the weighted prevalence of cyber-victimization in the last 12 months was 2.1% among immigrants and 2.3% among non-immigrants. Cyber-victimization rates differed significantly by sex among immigrants (2.8% for males vs. 1.4% for females), but not among non-immigrants (2.1% for males vs. 2.4% for females). While most other factors associated with cyber-victimization were similar for immigrants and non-immigrants, we found pronounced associations of past child maltreatment (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 4.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76, 8.52) and residence in an unwelcoming neighbourhood (aPOR 5.08, 95% CI 2.44, 10.55) with cyber-victimization among immigrants that were diminished or absent among non-immigrants. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses among immigrants showed cyber-victimization to be strongly associated with having a mental health condition (aPOR 3.50, 95% CI 1.36, 8.97) among immigrant males only, and with perceived discrimination (aPOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.65, 10.08), as well as being under 24 years old (aPOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.09, 9.60) among immigrant females.
Conclusions Immigration status and sex were differentially associated with cyber-victimization. Findings support the salience of a social-ecological perspective and gender-stratified analyses to better elucidate complex pathways linking cyber-victimization to potential gender-based health inequities among immigrants.
Keywords
Cyberbullying, Immigrants, Gender, Victimization, Neighborhood/place
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 02 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 31 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 18 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Kathleen Kenny
University of Manitoba Manitoba Centre for Health Policy
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-5213
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 21 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Jun, 2020
Version 1
Posted 02 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Feb, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 31 Jan, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 13 Jan, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jan, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Jan, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Jan, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Jan, 2020
First submitted
On 18 Dec, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Objectives There is a paucity of research on patterns of cyber-victimization in minority groups, including immigrants. This study aimed at identifying individual, interpersonal and contextual characteristics associated with cyber-victimization among immigrants and non-immigrants.
Methods We drew on nationally representative data from adolescents and adults in the Canadian General Social Survey on victimization (2014). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify potential factors associated with cyber-victimization in the last 12 months, stratified by immigrant status and sex.
Results Among 27,425 survey respondents, the weighted prevalence of cyber-victimization in the last 12 months was 2.1% among immigrants and 2.3% among non-immigrants. Cyber-victimization rates differed significantly by sex among immigrants (2.8% for males vs. 1.4% for females), but not among non-immigrants (2.1% for males vs. 2.4% for females). While most other factors associated with cyber-victimization were similar for immigrants and non-immigrants, we found pronounced associations of past child maltreatment (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] 4.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76, 8.52) and residence in an unwelcoming neighbourhood (aPOR 5.08, 95% CI 2.44, 10.55) with cyber-victimization among immigrants that were diminished or absent among non-immigrants. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses among immigrants showed cyber-victimization to be strongly associated with having a mental health condition (aPOR 3.50, 95% CI 1.36, 8.97) among immigrant males only, and with perceived discrimination (aPOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.65, 10.08), as well as being under 24 years old (aPOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.09, 9.60) among immigrant females.
Conclusions Immigration status and sex were differentially associated with cyber-victimization. Findings support the salience of a social-ecological perspective and gender-stratified analyses to better elucidate complex pathways linking cyber-victimization to potential gender-based health inequities among immigrants.
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