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Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017
Habtamu Belew Mera
Debre Markos University College of Health Science
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-0890
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Infectious Diseases.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam Zone, northwest, Ethiopia.
Methods and Materials: Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. A total of 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected with HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis.
Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study. 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural dweller. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.33; 95%CI:1.34,4.07),BMI<18.5kg/m2 (AOR=3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/µl (AOR=2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201-499 cells/µl (AOR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR=3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR=8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64),respectively. TB history in the family (AOR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR=0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR=0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection.
Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI<18.5kg/m², CD4 count <499 cells/µl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were highly associated in TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.
Keywords
predictors, tuberculosis, HIV infection, anti-retroviral treatment
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 4
Posted 01 Jun, 2020
Published
On 12 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Oct, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 22 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 05 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 01 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 20 Jun, 2019
Editor invited
On 20 Jun, 2019
First submitted
On 08 Jun, 2019
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
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Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Infectious Diseases. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017
Habtamu Belew Mera
Debre Markos University College of Health Science
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-0890
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 4
Posted 01 Jun, 2020
Published
On 12 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 11 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 27 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 13 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 12 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 12 Apr, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 Mar, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Feb, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 23 Oct, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 22 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 16 Oct, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 05 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 21 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 01 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 20 Jun, 2019
Editor invited
On 20 Jun, 2019
First submitted
On 08 Jun, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Infectious Diseases
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Infectious Diseases.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam Zone, northwest, Ethiopia.
Methods and Materials: Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. A total of 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected with HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis.
Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study. 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural dweller. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.33; 95%CI:1.34,4.07),BMI<18.5kg/m2 (AOR=3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/µl (AOR=2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201-499 cells/µl (AOR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR=3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR=8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64),respectively. TB history in the family (AOR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR=0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR=0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection.
Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI<18.5kg/m², CD4 count <499 cells/µl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were highly associated in TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.