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Fengping Wang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-8410
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Background Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are highly productive, yet ephemeral biodiversity hotspots in the deep ocean supported by chemosynthetic microorganisms that play critical roles in the maintenance and development of these extreme ecosystems. While several studies have investigated the microbial diversity in both active and inactive sulfide chimneys that have been extinct for a long time, little is known about chimneys that ceased activity more recently as well as the microbial succession occurring during the transition from active to inactive chimneys.
Results Genome-resolved metagenomics was applied to an active and a recently ceased (~7 years) sulfide chimney from the 9°50'N hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise. Full-length 16S rRNA gene and a total of 173 high quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved for comparative analysis. In the active chimney (EPR-L), sulfide- and/or hydrogen-oxidizing Campylobacteria and Aquificae with the potential for denitrification were identified as the dominant community members and primary producers, fixing carbon through the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. In contrast, the microbiome of the recently extinct chimney (EPR-M) was largely composed of heterotrophs from various bacterial phyla, including Delta -/ Beta -/ Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes . Gammaproteobacteria were identified as the main primary producers, using the oxidation of metal sulfides and/or iron oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction to fix carbon through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Further analysis revealed a phylogenetically distinct Nitrospirae cluster that has the potential to oxidize sulfide minerals coupled to oxygen and/or nitrite reduction, as well as for sulfate reduction, and that might serve as an indicator for the early stages of chimneys after venting has ceased.
Conclusions This study shed light on the composition, metabolic functions, and succession of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys. Collectively, microbial succession during the life span of a chimney could be described to go from a "fluid-shaped" microbial community in newly formed and actively venting chimneys to a "mineral-shaped" community after hydrothermal activity has ceased. Remarkably, the transition appears to happen early on, after which the communities stay stable for thousands of years.
Keywords
East Pacific Rise, metagenome, sulfide chimney, microbial succession, Nitrospirae
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View the published article at Microbiome.
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On 28 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Apr, 2020
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On 27 Apr, 2020
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On 27 Apr, 2020
Version 1
Posted 10 Mar, 2020
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Review #1 received
Received 03 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Apr, 2020
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Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
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First submitted
On 03 Mar, 2020
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On 03 Mar, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at Microbiome.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Fengping Wang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-8410
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Microbiome.
No community comments so far
Editor assigned
On 28 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 28 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Apr, 2020
Version 1
Posted 10 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 03 Apr, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 04 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 03 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 03 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Microbiome.
Background Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are highly productive, yet ephemeral biodiversity hotspots in the deep ocean supported by chemosynthetic microorganisms that play critical roles in the maintenance and development of these extreme ecosystems. While several studies have investigated the microbial diversity in both active and inactive sulfide chimneys that have been extinct for a long time, little is known about chimneys that ceased activity more recently as well as the microbial succession occurring during the transition from active to inactive chimneys.
Results Genome-resolved metagenomics was applied to an active and a recently ceased (~7 years) sulfide chimney from the 9°50'N hydrothermal vent field on the East Pacific Rise. Full-length 16S rRNA gene and a total of 173 high quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved for comparative analysis. In the active chimney (EPR-L), sulfide- and/or hydrogen-oxidizing Campylobacteria and Aquificae with the potential for denitrification were identified as the dominant community members and primary producers, fixing carbon through the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. In contrast, the microbiome of the recently extinct chimney (EPR-M) was largely composed of heterotrophs from various bacterial phyla, including Delta -/ Beta -/ Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes . Gammaproteobacteria were identified as the main primary producers, using the oxidation of metal sulfides and/or iron oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction to fix carbon through the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Further analysis revealed a phylogenetically distinct Nitrospirae cluster that has the potential to oxidize sulfide minerals coupled to oxygen and/or nitrite reduction, as well as for sulfate reduction, and that might serve as an indicator for the early stages of chimneys after venting has ceased.
Conclusions This study shed light on the composition, metabolic functions, and succession of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys. Collectively, microbial succession during the life span of a chimney could be described to go from a "fluid-shaped" microbial community in newly formed and actively venting chimneys to a "mineral-shaped" community after hydrothermal activity has ceased. Remarkably, the transition appears to happen early on, after which the communities stay stable for thousands of years.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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