[1] Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet. 2017;390:1685-99.
[2] Varga J, Abraham D. Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:557-67.
[3] Distler O, Cozzio A. Systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma--current concepts and novel targets for therapy. Semin Immunopathol. 2016;38:87-95.
[4] Franco SJ, Huttenlocher A. Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut. J Cell Sci. 2005;118:3829-38.
[5] Ono Y, Saido TC, Sorimachi H. Calpain research for drug discovery: challenges and potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15:854-76.
[6] Goll DE, Thompson VF, Li H, Wei W, Cong J. The calpain system. Physiol Rev. 2003;83:731-801.
[7] Ni R, Zheng D, Wang Q, Yu Y, Chen R, Sun T, Wang W, Fan GC, Greer PA, Gardiner RB, et al. Deletion of capn4 Protects the Heart Against Endotoxemic Injury by Preventing ATP Synthase Disruption and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8:988-96.
[8] Ni R, Zheng D, Xiong S, Hill DJ, Sun T, Gardiner RB, Fan GC, Lu Y, Abel ED, Greer PA, et al. Mitochondrial Calpain-1 Disrupts ATP Synthase and Induces Superoxide Generation in Type 1 Diabetic Hearts: A Novel Mechanism Contributing to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes. 2016;65:255-68.
[9] Cho K, Cho MH, Seo JH, Peak J, Kong KH, Yoon SY, Kim DH. Calpain-mediated cleavage of DARPP-32 in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell. 2015;14:878-86.
[10] Kurbatskaya K, Phillips EC, Croft CL, Dentoni G, Hughes MM, Wade MA, Al-Sarraj S, Troakes C, O'Neill MJ, Perez-Nievas BG, et al. Upregulation of calpain activity precedes tau phosphorylation and loss of synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016;4:34.
[11] Kling A, Jantos K, Mack H, Hornberger W, Drescher K, Nimmrich V, Relo A, Wicke K, Hutchins CW, Lao Y, et al. Discovery of Novel and Highly Selective Inhibitors of Calpain for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: 2-(3-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-nicotinamides. J Med Chem. 2017;60:7123-38.
[12] Liu M, Wang L, Gao J, Dong Q, Perry G, Ma X, Wang X. Inhibition of Calpain Protects Against Tauopathy in Transgenic P301S Tau Mice. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;69:1077-87.
[13] Laske C, Stellos K, Kempter I, Stransky E, Maetzler W, Fleming I, Randriamboavonjy V. Increased cerebrospinal fluid calpain activity and microparticle levels in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2015;11:465-74.
[14] Binyamin O, Nitzan K, Frid K, Ungar Y, Rosenmann H, Gabizon R. Brain targeting of 9c,11t-Conjugated Linoleic Acid, a natural calpain inhibitor, preserves memory and reduces Abeta and P25 accumulation in 5XFAD mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9:18437.
[15] Cao T, Fan S, Zheng D, Wang G, Yu Y, Chen R, Song LS, Fan GC, Zhang Z, Peng T. Increased calpain-1 in mitochondria induces dilated heart failure in mice: role of mitochondrial superoxide anion. Basic Res Cardiol. 2019;114:17.
[16] Liu ZF, Ji JJ, Zheng D, Su L, Peng T. Calpain-2 protects against heat stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and heart dysfunction by blocking p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:10761-70.
[17] Liu ZF, Zheng D, Fan GC, Peng T, Su L. Heat stress prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by blocking calpain/p38 MAPK signalling. Apoptosis. 2016;21:896-904.
[18] Teng X, Ji C, Zhong H, Zheng D, Ni R, Hill DJ, Xiong S, Fan GC, Greer PA, Shen Z, et al. Selective deletion of endothelial cell calpain in mice reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving angiogenesis. Diabetologia. 2019;62:860-72.
[19] Zheng D, Su Z, Zhang Y, Ni R, Fan GC, Robbins J, Song LS, Li J, Peng T. Calpain-2 promotes MKP-1 expression protecting cardiomyocytes in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2019;93:1051-65.
[20] Wang Y, Zheng D, Wei M, Ma J, Yu Y, Chen R, Lacefield JC, Xu H, Peng T. Over-expression of calpastatin aggravates cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Cardiovasc Res. 2013;98:381-90.
[21] Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME. Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature. 2002;418:191-5.
[22] Mandke P, Vasquez KM. Interactions of high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) with nucleic acids: Implications in DNA repair and immune responses. DNA Repair (Amst). 2019;83:102701.
[23] Yoshizaki A, Komura K, Iwata Y, Ogawa F, Hara T, Muroi E, Takenaka M, Shimizu K, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, et al. Clinical significance of serum HMGB-1 and sRAGE levels in systemic sclerosis: association with disease severity. J Clin Immunol. 2009;29:180-9.
[24] Bernard NJ. HMGB1(+) platelet microparticles damage the endothelium. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14:499.
[25] Maugeri N, Capobianco A, Rovere-Querini P, Ramirez GA, Tombetti E, Valle PD, Monno A, D'Alberti V, Gasparri AM, Franchini S, et al. Platelet microparticles sustain autophagy-associated activation of neutrophils in systemic sclerosis. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10.
[26] Maugeri N, Franchini S, Campana L, Baldini M, Ramirez GA, Sabbadini MG, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA. Circulating platelets as a source of the damage-associated molecular pattern HMGB1 in patients with systemic sclerosis. Autoimmunity. 2012;45:584-7.
[27] Kelton JG, Warkentin TE, Hayward CP, Murphy WG, Moore JC. Calpain activity in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is associated with platelet microparticles. Blood. 1992;80:2246-51.
[28] van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, Johnson SR, Baron M, Tyndall A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Naden RP, Medsger TA, Jr., Carreira PE, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1747-55.
[29] Wilkerson MD, Hayes DN. ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking. Bioinformatics. 2010;26:1572-3.
[30] Letavernier E, Zafrani L, Perez J, Letavernier B, Haymann JP, Baud L. The role of calpains in myocardial remodelling and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2012;96:38-45.
[31] Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Dysregulation of Calpain Proteolytic Systems Underlies Degenerative Vascular Disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018;25:1-15.
[32] Li FZ, Cai PC, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Zhang Q, Rao SS, Xia Y, Xiang F, Xin JB, Greer PA, et al. Crosstalk between calpain activation and TGF-beta1 augments collagen-I synthesis in pulmonary fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1852:1796-804.
[33] Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang GQ, Zou JF, Zou ML, Cheng ZS. Calpain inhibition attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via switching the development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2018;391:695-704.
[34] Tabata C, Tabata R, Nakano T. The calpain inhibitor calpeptin prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;162:560-7.
[35] Tan WJ, Tan QY, Wang T, Lian M, Zhang L, Cheng ZS. Calpain 1 regulates TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9:1402-9.
[36] Song LJ, Xiang F, Ye H, Huang H, Yang J, Yu F, Xiong L, Xu JJ, Greer PA, Shi HZ, et al. Inhibition of angiotensin II and calpain attenuates pleural fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48:46-52.
[37] Scherlinger M, Guillotin V, Truchetet ME, Contin-Bordes C, Sisirak V, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Richez C, Blanco P. Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis: All roads lead to platelets. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17:625-35.
[38] Guiducci S, Distler JH, Jungel A, Huscher D, Huber LC, Michel BA, Gay RE, Pisetsky DS, Gay S, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. The relationship between plasma microparticles and disease manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:2845-53.
[39] Shu X, Peng Q, Lu X, Wang G. HMGB1 May Be a Biomarker for Predicting the Outcome in Patients with Polymyositis /Dermatomyositis with Interstitial Lung Disease. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0161436.
[40] Ji J, Fu T, Dong C, Zhu W, Yang J, Kong X, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Zhao R, Ge X, et al. Targeting HMGB1 by ethyl pyruvate ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus and reverses the senescent phenotype of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY). 2019;11:4338-53.
[41] Pisetsky DS. The complex role of DNA, histones and HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of SLE. Autoimmunity. 2014;47:487-93.
[42] Syahidatulamali CS, Wan Syamimee WG, Azwany YN, Wong KK, Che Maraina CH. Association of anti-CLIC2 and anti-HMGB1 autoantibodies with higher disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. J Postgrad Med. 2017;63:257-61.
[43] Biscetti F, Flex A, Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Gremese E, Ferraccioli G. The Role of High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Crosstalk with Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm. 2017;2017:5230374.
[44] Yang H, Wang H, Ju Z, Ragab AA, Lundback P, Long W, Valdes-Ferrer SI, He M, Pribis JP, Li J, et al. MD-2 is required for disulfide HMGB1-dependent TLR4 signaling. J Exp Med. 2015;212:5-14.
[45] Anton M, Alen F, Gomez de Heras R, Serrano A, Pavon FJ, Leza JC, Garcia-Bueno B, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Orio L. Oleoylethanolamide prevents neuroimmune HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kB danger signaling in rat frontal cortex and depressive-like behavior induced by ethanol binge administration. Addict Biol. 2017;22:724-41.
[46] Koh WU, Kim J, Lee J, Song GW, Hwang GS, Tak E, Song JG. Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and Diazoxide Protect from Hepatic Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting HMGB1-Induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20.
[47] Liu AH, Wu YT, Wang YP. MicroRNA-129-5p inhibits the development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis-related epilepsy by targeting HMGB1 through the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull. 2017;132:139-49.
[48] Ma J, Wei M, Wang Q, Li J, Wang H, Liu W, Lacefield JC, Greer PA, Karmazyn M, Fan GC, et al. Deficiency of Capn4 gene inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) protein signaling/inflammation and reduces remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:27480-9.