See the published version of this preprint at International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.
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Research
Robert A Bittner
University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-0358
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Impaired working memory is a core cognitive deficit in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Its study might yield crucial insights into the underpinnings of both disorders on the cognitive and neurophysiological level. Visual working memory capacity is a particularly promising construct for such translational studies. However, it has not yet been investigated across the full spectrum of both disorders. The aim of our study was to compare the degree of reductions of visual working memory capacity in patients with bipolar disorder (PBD) and patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) using a paradigm well established in cognitive neuroscience.
Methods
62 PBD, 64 PSZ, and 70 healthy controls (HC) completed a canonical visual change detection task. Participants had to encode the color of four circles and indicate after a short delay whether the color of one of the circles had changed or not. We estimated working memory capacity using Pashler’s K.
Results
Working memory capacity was significantly reduced in both PBD and PSZ compared to HC. We observed a small effect size (r = .202) for the difference between HC and PBD and a medium effect size (r = .370) for the difference between HC and PSZ. Working memory capacity in PSZ was also significantly reduced compared to PBD with a small effect size (r = .201). Thus, PBD showed an intermediate level of impairment.
Conclusions
These findings provide evidence for a gradient of reduced working memory capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, with PSZ showing the strongest degree of impairment. This underscores the importance of disturbed information processing for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our results are compatible with the cognitive manifestation of a neurodevelopmental gradient affecting bipolar disorder to a lesser degree than schizophrenia. They also highlight the relevance of visual working memory capacity for the development of both behavior- and brain-based transdiagnostic biomarkers.
Keywords
Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, cognitive dysfunction, working memory capacity, attention
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.
Version 2
Posted 09 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 20 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 20 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 22 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Jun, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 May, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 12 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 05 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychology
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Robert A Bittner
University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-0358
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.
Version 2
Posted 09 Dec, 2020
No community comments so far
Review #2 received
Received 20 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 20 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 05 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Dec, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 29 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 22 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 19 Jun, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 25 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 25 May, 2020
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 12 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 08 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 05 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 05 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at International Journal of Bipolar Disorders.
Background
Impaired working memory is a core cognitive deficit in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Its study might yield crucial insights into the underpinnings of both disorders on the cognitive and neurophysiological level. Visual working memory capacity is a particularly promising construct for such translational studies. However, it has not yet been investigated across the full spectrum of both disorders. The aim of our study was to compare the degree of reductions of visual working memory capacity in patients with bipolar disorder (PBD) and patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) using a paradigm well established in cognitive neuroscience.
Methods
62 PBD, 64 PSZ, and 70 healthy controls (HC) completed a canonical visual change detection task. Participants had to encode the color of four circles and indicate after a short delay whether the color of one of the circles had changed or not. We estimated working memory capacity using Pashler’s K.
Results
Working memory capacity was significantly reduced in both PBD and PSZ compared to HC. We observed a small effect size (r = .202) for the difference between HC and PBD and a medium effect size (r = .370) for the difference between HC and PSZ. Working memory capacity in PSZ was also significantly reduced compared to PBD with a small effect size (r = .201). Thus, PBD showed an intermediate level of impairment.
Conclusions
These findings provide evidence for a gradient of reduced working memory capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, with PSZ showing the strongest degree of impairment. This underscores the importance of disturbed information processing for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our results are compatible with the cognitive manifestation of a neurodevelopmental gradient affecting bipolar disorder to a lesser degree than schizophrenia. They also highlight the relevance of visual working memory capacity for the development of both behavior- and brain-based transdiagnostic biomarkers.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 2
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