Table 1. Demographic and pregnancy characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and SARS-CoV-2 infection characteristics of pregnant people with a known pregnancy outcome, by trimester of infectiona, SET-NET, 22 Jurisdictionsb, January 25, 2020 - December 31, 2020
|
Total
n (%)
|
First trimester
(<14 weeks)
n (%)
|
Second trimester
(14-27 weeks)
n (%)
|
Third trimester
(28-42 weeks)
n (%)
|
Total
|
35200
|
6458 (18.3)
|
10848 (30.8)
|
17894 (50.8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age at infection, yearsc
|
35193
|
6457
|
10846
|
17890
|
Median (IQR)
|
29.1 (23.0-33.2)
|
28.8 (25.0-32.6)
|
29.4 (25.4-33.2)
|
28.9 (24.8-33.3)
|
<20
|
1821 (5.2)
|
304 (4.7)
|
497 (4.6)
|
1020 (5.7)
|
20-24
|
6923 (19.7)
|
1306 (20.2)
|
1948 (18.0)
|
3669 (20.5)
|
25-29
|
10891 (30.9)
|
2119 (32.8)
|
3411 (31.4)
|
5361 (30.0)
|
30-34
|
9715 (27.6)
|
1819 (28.2)
|
3162 (29.2)
|
4734 (26.5)
|
35-39
|
4742 (13.5)
|
747 (11.6)
|
1506 (13.9)
|
2489 (13.9)
|
40+
|
1101 (3.1)
|
162 (2.5)
|
322 (3.0)
|
617 (3.4)
|
Unknown
|
7 (0.0)
|
1 (0.0)
|
2 (0.0)
|
4 (0.0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Race/Ethnicityc
|
34541
|
6356
|
10650
|
17535
|
Hispanic or Latina
|
11127 (32.2)
|
1763 (27.7)
|
3151 (29.6)
|
6213 (35.4)
|
Asian, Non-Hispanic
|
1310 (3.8)
|
225 (3.5)
|
402 (3.8)
|
683 (3.9)
|
Black, Non-Hispanic
|
6143 (17.8)
|
1057 (16.6)
|
1829 (17.2)
|
3257 (18.6)
|
White, Non-Hispanic
|
14758 (42.7)
|
3132 (49.3)
|
4906 (46.1)
|
6720 (38.3)
|
Multiple or otherd race, Non-Hispanic
|
1203 (3.5)
|
179 (2.8)
|
362 (3.4)
|
662 (3.8)
|
Unknown
|
659 (1.9)
|
102 (1.6)
|
198 (1.8)
|
359 (2.0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health insurancec
|
30306
|
5482
|
9232
|
15592
|
Private
|
13935 (46.0)
|
2815 (51.3)
|
4621 (50.1)
|
6499 (41.7)
|
Medicaid
|
14787 (48.8)
|
2426 (44.3)
|
4195 (45.4)
|
8166 (52.4)
|
Othere
|
917 (3.0)
|
173 (3.2)
|
278 (3.0)
|
466 (3.0)
|
Self-pay/none
|
667 (2.2)
|
68 (1.2)
|
138 (1.5)
|
461 (3.0)
|
Unknown
|
4894 (13.9)
|
976 (15.1)
|
1616 (14.9)
|
2302 (12.9)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underlying medical conditionsc
|
34256
|
6360
|
10527
|
17369
|
Any underlying condition
|
14597 (42.6)
|
2499 (39.3)
|
4315 (41.0)
|
7783 (44.8)
|
Obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30 kg/m2)
|
11281 (32.9)
|
2152 (33.8)
|
3715 (35.3)
|
5414 (31.2)
|
Chronic lung disease
|
1159 (3.4)
|
187 (2.9)
|
379 (3.6)
|
593 (3.4)
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
670 (2.0)
|
109 (1.7)
|
238 (2.3)
|
323 (1.9)
|
Chronic hypertension
|
1621 (4.7)
|
327 (5.1)
|
587 (5.6)
|
707 (4.1)
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
401 (1.2)
|
51 (0.8)
|
114 (1.1)
|
236 (1.4)
|
Immunosuppression
|
175 (0.5)
|
31 (0.5)
|
63 (0.6)
|
81 (0.5)
|
Other f
|
1312 (3.8)
|
200 (3.1)
|
378 (3.6)
|
734 (4.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pregnancy complicationsc
|
6062
|
1119
|
1995
|
2948
|
Gestational hypertension
|
3025 (9.1)
|
578 (9.4)
|
975 (9.5)
|
1472 (8.8)
|
Gestational diabetes mellitus
|
3503 (10.6)
|
630 (10.2)
|
1172 (11.4)
|
1701 (10.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prenatal carec
|
33796
|
6326
|
10474
|
16996
|
Yes (Trimester initiated)g
|
33221 (98.3)
|
6241 (98.7)
|
10350 (98.8)
|
16630 (97.8)
|
First trimester
|
22471 (67.6)
|
4151 (66.5)
|
7404 (71.5)
|
10916 (65.6)
|
Second trimester
|
5073 (15.3)
|
848 (13.6)
|
1355 (13.1)
|
2870 (17.3)
|
Third trimester
|
913 (2.7)
|
111 (1.8)
|
210 (2.0)
|
592 (3.6)
|
Unknown trimester
|
4764 (14.3)
|
1131 (18.1)
|
1381 (13.3)
|
2252 (13.5)
|
No
|
575 (1.7)
|
85 (1.4)
|
124 (1.2)
|
366 (2.2)
|
Unknown
|
1404 (4.0)
|
132 (2.0)
|
374 (3.4)
|
898 (5.0)
|
a Trimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on calculated date of last menstrual period and either date of first positive COVID-19 laboratory result or symptom onset if date of positive result is unavailable.
b Participating jurisdictions included Arkansas, City of Chicago, Georgia, City of Houston, Iowa, Illinois (excluding Chicago), Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia), Philadelphia County, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington.
c Totals for each of the demographic and pregnancy characteristics do not include “Unknown”
d Other race includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and self-reported as other.
eOther insurance includes Indian Health Service, CHAMPUS or TRICARE; other government (federal, state, or local), or charity.
f Other underlying medical conditions includes chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, psychological/psychiatric condition, disability, and autoimmune condition.
g Trimester of prenatal care initiation was derived from the date of first prenatal care visit and calculated last menstrual period.
Table 2. Pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes among pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection during by trimester of infectiona, SET-NET, 22 Jurisdictionsb, January 25, 2020 - December 31, 2020
|
Total
n (%)
|
First or second trimester infection
n (%)
|
Third trimester infection
n (%)
|
Adjusted prevalence ratioc
(95% CI)d
|
Total
|
35767
|
17615 (49.2)
|
18152 (50.8)
|
|
Days from first positive PCR test to pregnancy outcome (median, IQR)
|
71 (12-147)
|
149 (108 – 199)
|
13 (1-43)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pregnancy outcomee
|
35767
|
17615
|
18152
|
|
Live birth
|
35574 (99.5)
|
17470 (99.2)
|
18104 (99.7)
|
|
Pregnancy loss
|
193 (0.5)
|
145 (0.8)
|
48 (0.3)
|
|
<20 weeks gestation
|
52 (0.1)
|
52 (0.3)
|
n/a
|
|
≥20 weeks gestation (stillbirth)
|
141 (0.4)
|
93 (0.5)
|
48 (0.3)
|
0.59 (0.34-1.03)
|
|
|
|
|
|
NICU admission f,g
|
32319
|
16200
|
16119
|
|
Yes
|
3529 (10.9)
|
1655 (10.2)
|
1874 (11.6)
|
1.13 (1.06-1.21)d
|
Term (≥37 weeks)
|
1821 (5.6)
|
735 (4.5)
|
1086 (6.7)
|
1.29 (1.16-1.36)c
|
Preterm (<37 weeks)
|
1708 (5.3)
|
920 (5.7)
|
788 (4.9)
|
|
No
|
28790 (89.1)
|
14545 (89.8)
|
14245 (88.4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Small for gestational agef
|
34522
|
17101
|
17421
|
|
Yes
|
1844 (5.3)
|
827 (4.8)
|
1017 (5.8)
|
1.16 (1.06-1.27)d
|
No
|
32678 (94.7)
|
16274 (95.2)
|
16404 (94.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gestational ageh
|
27430
|
17459
|
9971
|
|
Term (≥37 weeks)
|
23598 (86.0)
|
15398 (88.2)
|
8200 (82.2)
|
|
Preterm (<37 weeks)
|
3832 (14.0)
|
2061 (11.8)
|
1771 (17.8)
|
1.44 (1.35-1.54)d
|
Late preterm (34 – 37 weeks)
|
2825 (10.3)
|
1410 (8.1)
|
1415 (14.2)
|
|
Moderately preterm (28 to <34 weeks)
|
831 (3.0)
|
475 (2.7)
|
356 (3.6)
|
|
Very preterm (<28 weeks)
|
176 (0.6)
|
176 (1.0)
|
n/a
|
|
Unknown
|
11 (0.0)
|
11 (0.1)
|
0 (0.0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CI: confidence interval; IQR: Interquartile range
a Trimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on calculated date of last menstrual period and date of first positive COVID-19 laboratory result.
b Participating jurisdictions included Arkansas, City of Chicago, Georgia, City of Houston, Iowa, Illinois (excluding Chicago), Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia), Philadelphia County, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington.
c Covariates include maternal age, race/ethnicity, and health insurance. For trimester of infection analyses, the reference group is first or second trimester infection.
d 95% confidence interval excluded 1.0 indicating an association that is statistically significant at the 5% level.
e Other pregnancy outcomes (e.g., terminations and non-live births) were reclassified as pregnancy losses based on gestational age of outcome provided. Pregnancy outcomes include multiple gestations.
f Among Live births
g Reason for admission may be for infection control and prevention purposes.
h Among those with infection occurring <37 weeks gestation (i.e., could have had a preterm birth), restricted to live births with known gestational age.
Table 3. Birth defects reported among liveborn infants born to people with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, by trimester of infectiona and in comparison, with prevalence estimates from published literature, when available, SET-NET, 15 Jurisdictionsb, January 25, 2020 - December 31, 2020 (unweighted N=22,372)
|
|
|
Trimester of infectiona
Unweighted n
[Weighted prevalence per 10,000 live births (95% CI)]
|
Prevalence per 10,000 live births in literature
|
|
Total
Unweighted n
|
Total prevalence per 10,000 live birthsc
Weighted prevalence (95%CI)
|
First
n = 3119
|
Second
n = 5696
|
Third
n = 10651
|
|
Total
|
825
|
553.4 (510.3-596.5)
|
88
[434.5 (325.4-543.7)]
|
258
[623.0 (531.7-714.3)]
|
479
[550.0 (496.3-603.7)]
|
-
|
Central nervous system
|
31
|
20.9 (11.9-30.0)
|
3
[25.8 (0-56.6)]
|
14
[27.1 (9.9-44.3)]
|
14
[15.8 (5.8-25.9)]
|
-
|
Eye
|
4
|
2.1 (0-4.3)
|
0
|
1
|
3
[3.2 (0-7.1)]
|
-
|
Ear
|
40
|
26.5 (16.6-36.3)
|
6
[30.9 (0.1-61.7)]
|
9
[16.4 (5.1-27.8)]
|
25
[31.1 (16.4-45.8)]
|
-
|
Cardiovascular
|
240
|
136.3 (115.6-157.0)
|
29
[100.9 (57.2-144.5)]
|
93
[191.4 (142.8-239.9)]
|
118
[115.3 (91.8-138.7)]
|
-
|
Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD)d,e
|
26
|
13.5 (7.4-19.6)
|
5
[12.8 (1.6-24.1)]
|
8
[16.3 (1.5-31.1)]
|
13
[12.1 (5.2-19.0)]
|
15.6 (95% CI 10.8-15.3)34
|
Atrial septal defect
|
109
|
58.3 (45.5-71.2)
|
10
[43.8 (10.3-77.3)]
|
41
[64.5 (42.1-86.9)]
|
58
[59.3 (41.7-77.0)]
|
64.7 (95% CI 0.0-171.7)35
|
Pulmonary valve atresia and stenosis
|
7
|
3.4 (0.8-6.1)
|
0
|
5
[6.9 (0.9-12.9)]
|
2
|
9.65 (95% CI 9.38, 9.92)36
|
Tetralogy of Fallot
|
6
|
4.2 (0-8.6)
|
1
|
1
|
4
[3.2 (0.1-6.4)]
|
4.60 (95% CI 4.42, 4.79)36
|
Ventricular septal defect
|
74
|
43.1 (30.8-55.3)
|
10
[35.5 (7.0-63.9)]
|
23
[49.7 (23.8-75.6)]
|
41
[41.6 (26.3-56.8)]
|
43.4 (95% CI 10.1-76.6)35
|
Orofacial
|
25
|
15.0 (7.8-22.3)
|
4
[12.8 (0-26.2)]
|
5
[12.1 (0-26.2)]
|
16
[17.5 (7.1-27.8)]
|
-
|
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate
|
21
|
11.7 (5.8-17.6)
|
3
[10.3 (0-22.6)]
|
4
[5.5 (0.1-10.9)]
|
14
[15.8 (5.8-25.9)]
|
10.25 (95% CI 9.97, 10.54)36
|
Gastrointestinal
|
92
|
60.0 (45.7-74.5)
|
6 [20.5 (3.1-38.0)]
|
31
[76.9 (43.2-110.7)]
|
55
[62.7 (44.5-80.7)]
|
-
|
Genitourinary
|
156
|
86.1 (70.9-101.3)
|
16
[58.6 (24.2-93.0)]
|
41
[73.7 (46.8-100.5)]
|
99
[102.0 (80.3-123.8)]
|
|
Hypospadiusf
|
29
|
25.9 (16.2-35.5)
|
5
[25.6 (3.2-48.1)]
|
5
[16.3 (1.3-31.4)]
|
19
[31.4 (17.0-45.8)]
|
64.7 (95% CI 23.0-106.3)35
|
Musculoskeletal
|
117
|
70.6 (55.1-86.2)
|
13
[58.7 (17.7-99.6)]
|
39
[93.3 (56.3-130.3)]
|
65
[61.2 (45.6-76.7)]
|
-
|
Gastroschisis
|
4
|
1.7 (0-3.4)
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
5.39 (95% CI 5.19, 5.59)36
|
Polydactyly
|
20
|
13.3 (6.2-20.5)
|
2
|
7
[21.1 (1.8-40.5)]
|
11
[11.3 (4.2-18.4)]
|
14.22g,37
|
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
|
27
|
15.1 (8.0-22.3)
|
1
|
10
[24.3 (4.4-44.1)]
|
16
[13.7 (6.8-20.5)]
|
17.07 (95% CI 16.67, 17.48)36
|
Chromosomal
|
24
|
15.3 (7.6-23.1)
|
5
[34.1 (0-68.2)]
|
7
[14.9 (0.3-29.4)]
|
12
[9.7 (4.2-15.1)]
|
-
|
Trisomy 21
|
16
|
10.3 (4.0-16.6)
|
4
[31.5 (0-65.3)]
|
2
|
10
[8.0 (3.1-13.0)]
|
14.85 (95% CI 14.52, 15.19)36
|
aTrimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on calculated date of last menstrual period and r date of first positive COVID-19 laboratory result.
b 15 jurisdictions with sufficient data linkages to birth defects surveillance or medical record abstraction for determining presence or absence and type of birth defects are Arkansas, City of Chicago, City of Houston, Iowa, Illinois (excluding Chicago), Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, and Washington.
cPrevalence was calculated when total case count for a defect was ≥ 3.
d Subcategories may not add to total for the system level categories because there may be additional infrequent defects not individually described.
e CCHD included single ventricle, tricuspid atresia, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart, hypoplastic right heart, common truncus, transposition, atrioventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, aortic valve atresia/stenosis, coarctation, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, anomalous coronary artery.
f Denominator for calculation of prevalence included only male infants.
g Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) does not report 95% confidence intervals.
Table 4. Demographic and pregnancy characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and SARS-CoV-2 infection characteristics of people with moderate-to-critical COVID-19 illness in pregnancy by treatment status, SET-NET, 18 Jurisdictionsa, January 25, 2020 - December 31, 2020 (unweighted N=1,732)
|
COVID-19 specific treatmentb
(unweighted n=265)
|
Non-COVID-19 specific treatment
(unweighted n=157)
|
No treatment reportedc (unweighted n=1310)
|
|
Unweighted n
Weighted % (95% CI)
|
|
|
Total
|
15.2% (12.9%-17.4%)
|
7.7% (6.3%-9.1%)
|
77.1% (74.6%-79.6%)
|
|
|
|
|
Age at infection, years
|
265
|
157
|
1310
|
Median (IQR)
|
31.9 (8.6)
|
30.7 (8.4)
|
29.6 (8.2)
|
<20
|
1.8 (0.6-3.1)
|
6.6 (1.3-11.9)
|
3.8 (2.5-5.1)
|
20-24
|
15.5 (7.9-22.9)
|
16.2 (8.1-24.3)
|
18.5 (15.6-21.4)
|
25-29
|
21.8 (15.8-27.8)
|
28.6 (20.4-36.8)
|
30.5 (27.0-34.0)
|
30-34
|
30.2 (23.2-37.2)
|
24.9 (17.5-32.4)
|
28.6 (25.4-31.8)
|
35-39
|
26.1 (18.6-33.6)
|
19.6 (12.3-26.8)
|
14.8 (12.0-17.6)
|
40+
|
4.7 (2.1-7.2)
|
4.0 (1.5-6.6)
|
3.8 (2.6-5.1)
|
Unknown
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Race/ethnicity
|
256
|
151
|
1282
|
Hispanic or Latina
|
39.3 (31.8-46.8)
|
45.6 (36.2-55.0)
|
35.7 (32.3-39.0)
|
Asian, Non-Hispanic
|
8.4 (4.3-12.3)
|
8.1 (2.3-13.9)
|
3.7 (2.0-5.4)
|
Black, Non-Hispanic
|
18.7 (12.4-24.9)
|
17.4 (10.7-24.1)
|
14.2 (11.8-16.7)
|
White, Non-Hispanic
|
30.4 (21.4-39.5)
|
21.3 (13.4-29.1)
|
42.7 (39.0-46.4)
|
Multiple or Otherd race, Non-Hispanic
|
3.3 (0.7-5.8)
|
7.6 (2.2-13.1)
|
3.7 (2.0-5.3)
|
Unknown
|
4.1 (1.4-6.8)
|
4.0 (0.6-7.4)
|
2.0 (1.2-2.8)
|
Health Insurance
|
251
|
153
|
1273
|
Private
|
42.3 (34.0-50.7)
|
42.9 (33.3-52.5)
|
41.6 (37.9-45.3)
|
Medicaid
|
53.6 (45.2-62.0)
|
50.8 (41.4-60.2)
|
54.3 (50.6-58.1)
|
Othere
|
2.1 (0.8-3.5)
|
5.3 (0.7-10.0)
|
2.2 (1.1-3.3)
|
Self-pay/none
|
1.9 (0.7-3.2)
|
0.9 (0.0-2.1)
|
1.9 (1.0-2.8)
|
Unknown
|
4.5 (2.0-7.1)
|
1.8 (0.1-3.5)
|
2.4 (1.5-3.3)
|
Underlying medical conditionf
|
68.7 (61.8-75.6)
|
59.9 (50.5-69.2)
|
57.1 (53.5-60.8)
|
Death
|
2.4 (0.7-4.1)
|
1.0 (0.0-2.3)
|
0.5 (0.1-0.9)
|
Trimester of infection
|
265
|
157
|
1310
|
First
|
5.9 (0.0-11.8)
|
8.4 (1.5-15.3)
|
12.7 (10.4-15.0)
|
Second
|
22.2 (15.5-28.9)
|
35.0 (25.9-44.1)
|
36.0 (32.4-39.6)
|
Third
|
71.9 (64.0-79.8)
|
56.6 (47.1-66.1)
|
51.3 (47.7-55.0)
|
Timing of infection
|
265
|
157
|
1310
|
Jan-Jun 2020
|
37.4 (30.4-44.5)
|
45.0 (35.9-54.0)
|
45.0 (41.5-48.5)
|
Jul-Dec 2020
|
62.6 (55.5-69.6)
|
55.0 (46.0-64.1)
|
55.0 (51.5-58.5)
|
Timing of treatment (days after first positive PCR test)
|
238
|
133
|
-
|
0-5
|
66.8 (58.8-74.9)
|
72.7 (63.2-82.3)
|
-
|
6-10
|
30.4 (22.5-38.2)
|
12.0 (5.5-18.4)
|
-
|
≥11
|
2.8 (0.1-5.6)
|
15.3 (6.7-23.8)
|
-
|
COVID-19 specific treatmentsg
|
[265]
|
-
|
-
|
Remdesivir
|
57.0 (48.7-65.4)
|
-
|
-
|
Dexamethasone
|
45.8 (38.2-53.3)
|
-
|
-
|
Azithromycin with hydroxychloroquine
|
15.4 (11.3-19.5)
|
-
|
-
|
Convalescent plasma
|
12.4 (7.5-17.3)
|
-
|
-
|
Hydroxychloroquine alone
|
7.3 (4.6-10.0)
|
-
|
-
|
Immunosuppressants
|
1.2 (0.0-2.5)
|
-
|
-
|
Monoclonal antibodies
|
1.1 (0.0-2.6)
|
|
|
a Participating jurisdictions included Arkansas, City of Chicago, City of Houston, Illinois (excluding Chicago), Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania (excluding Philadelphia), Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington.
b Included remdesivir, dexamethasone, azithromycin with hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine alone, immunosuppressants, and monoclonal antibodies.
c Reported as not receiving treatment, missing not included in the analysis.
d Other race includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and self-reported as other.
e Other insurance includes Indian Health Service, CHAMPUS or TRICARE; other government (federal, state or local), or charity.
f Underlying medical conditions included obesity, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, renal disease, liver disease, psychological/psychiatric condition, disability, or autoimmune condition. For people with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the third trimester, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes were also included as underlying medical conditions.
g Not mutually exclusive
Supplemental Table 1. Pregnancy, birth, and infant outcomes among pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester of infectiona, SET-NET, 22 Jurisdictions, January 25, 2020 - December 31, 2020
|
Total
n (%)
|
First trimester
infection
(<14 weeks)
n (%)
|
Second trimester
infection
(14-27 weeks)
n (%)
|
Third trimester
infection
(28-42 weeks)
n (%)
|
Total
|
35767
|
6560 (18.0)
|
11055 (31.0)
|
18152 (50.8)
|
Days from first positive PCR test to pregnancy outcome (median, IQR)
|
71 (12-147)
|
213 (192-236)
|
118 (95-145)
|
13 (1-43)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pregnancy outcomeb
|
35767
|
6560
|
11055
|
18152
|
Live birth
|
35574 (99.5)
|
6490 (98.9)
|
10980 (99.3)
|
18104 (99.7)
|
Pregnancy loss
|
193 (0.5)
|
70 (1.1)
|
75 (0.7)
|
48 (0.3)
|
<20 weeks gestation
|
52 (0.1)
|
43 (0.7)
|
9 (0.1)
|
n/a
|
≥20 weeks gestation
[stillbirth]
|
141 (0.4)
|
27 (0.4)
|
66 (0.6)
|
48 (0.3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Infant complications
|
|
|
|
|
NICU admissionsc ,d
|
32319
|
6067
|
10133
|
16119
|
Yes
|
3529 (10.9)
|
518 (8.5)
|
1137 (11.2)
|
1874 (11.6)
|
Term (≥37 weeks)
|
1821 (5.6)
|
228 (3.8)
|
507 (5.0)
|
1086 (6.7)
|
Preterm (<37 weeks)
|
1708 (5.3)
|
290 (4.8)
|
630 (6.2)
|
788 (4.9)
|
No
|
28790 (89.1)
|
5549 (91.5)
|
8996 (88.8)
|
14245 (88.4)
|
Small for gestational agec
|
34522
|
6398
|
10703
|
17421
|
Yes
|
1844 (5.3)
|
270 (4.2)
|
557 (10.0)
|
1017 (5.8)
|
No
|
32678 (94.7)
|
6128 (95.8)
|
10146 (94.8)
|
16404 (94.2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gestational agee
|
27430
|
6486
|
10973
|
9971
|
Term (≥37 weeks)
|
23598 (86.0)
|
5789 (89.3)
|
9609 (87.6)
|
8200 (82.2)
|
Preterm (<37 weeks)
|
3832 (14.0)
|
697 (10.7)
|
1364 (12.4)
|
1771 (17.8)
|
Late preterm (34 – 37 weeks)
|
2825 (10.3)
|
496 (7.6)
|
914 (8.3)
|
1415 (14.2)
|
Moderately preterm (28 to <34 weeks)
|
831 (3.0)
|
139 (2.1)
|
336 (3.1)
|
356 (3.6)
|
Very preterm (<28 weeks)
|
176 (0.6)
|
62 (1.0)
|
114 (1.0)
|
n/a
|
Unknown
|
11 (0.0)
|
4 (0.1)
|
7 (0.1)
|
0 (0.0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
CI: confidence interval; IQR: Interquartile Range
a Trimester of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on calculated date of last menstrual period and either date of first positive COVID-19 laboratory result or symptom onset if date of positive result is unavailable.
b Other pregnancy outcomes (e.g., terminations and non-live births) were reclassified as pregnancy losses based on gestational age of outcome provided. Pregnancy outcomes include multiple gestations.
c Among Live births
d Reason for admission may be for infection control and prevention purposes.
e Among those with infection occurring <37 weeks gestation (i.e., could have had a preterm birth), restricted to live births with known gestational age.