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Research
Aerobic exercise and octopamine protect against deep-frying oil-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through modulation of caspase and pro-caspase 3
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
Islamic Azad University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-7487
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Deep-frying is a common cooking method accompanied by production of carcinogenesis substance such as acrolein. Acrolein is a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation that is involved in the development of pulmonary, cardiac, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise (EXE) and octopamine (OCT) on caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 expression levels in the heart tissue of rats were fed deep-frying oil (DFO).
Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6 in each) including 1) control (CO), 2) DFO, 3) DFO+EXE, 4) DFO+OCT and 5) DFO+EXE+OCT. The apoptotic effects of DFO on heart and cardiomyocytes’ fibers were examined by TUNEL assay and Masson's trichrome staining respectively. Also caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 genes and proteins expression in all groups were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting method, respectively.
Results: Data showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells in the DFO group (P <0.05). Masson's trichrome stain analysis demonstrated that the number of cardiomyocytes' fibers are decreased, and collagen deposition is increased in the DFO group. In comparison, the collagen percentage was significantly reduced in DFO+EXE, DFO +OCT and DFO+EXE+OCT groups. Also, the expression level of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 was significantly decreased in DFO+EXE+OCT group (P <0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study show that DFO lead to programmed cell death via the activation of caspases in heart tissue. However, it seems that aerobic exercise with octopamine supplementation improves heart tissue through decreasing in the expression of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 that inhibit apoptosis.
Keywords
Cardiomyocytes, Aerobic exercise, Apoptosis, Octopamine, Deep-frying oil
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Due to technical limitations, Table 1 is provided in the Supplementary Files section.
Table 2. Bodyweight and heart weight in different groups of study (mean ± SD)
|
Heart weight (g) |
Body weight (g) |
Groups |
|
1.05 ± 0.03 |
256 ± 7 |
Co |
|
1.03 ± 0.05 |
265 ± 4 |
DFO |
|
1.11 ± 0.07 |
249 ± 8 |
DFO+EXE |
|
0.99 ± 0.03 |
261 ± 3 |
DFO+OCT |
|
1.08 ± 0.07 |
260 ± 5 |
DFO+EXE+OCT |
CO: control (rats were not received any treatments), DFO group: rats were received deep-frying oil, DFO+EXE group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then did aerobic exercise, DFO+OCT group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then were prescribed octopamine, DFO+EXE+OCT group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then did aerobic exercise and were prescribed octopamine simultaneously
Table 3. Primer sequences for real time PCR assessment
|
Product length (bp) |
TM ( ) |
Primer sequences |
Gene name |
|
121 |
81.1 |
F: 5′- CAT ACT CAG CAC CAG CAT CAC C -3′ R: 5′- CATACTCAGCACCAGCATCACC -3′ |
GAPDH |
|
82 |
80.5 |
F:5′- GCACAAAGTGACTGGATGAAC-3′ R:5′- TGTATTCTTACTCTACCGCAC-3′ |
Caspase 3 |
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research
Aerobic exercise and octopamine protect against deep-frying oil-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through modulation of caspase and pro-caspase 3
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
Islamic Azad University
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-7487
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 4
Posted 25 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
No comments provided
No comments provided
No comments provided
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Deep-frying is a common cooking method accompanied by production of carcinogenesis substance such as acrolein. Acrolein is a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation that is involved in the development of pulmonary, cardiac, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise (EXE) and octopamine (OCT) on caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 expression levels in the heart tissue of rats were fed deep-frying oil (DFO).
Methods: 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6 in each) including 1) control (CO), 2) DFO, 3) DFO+EXE, 4) DFO+OCT and 5) DFO+EXE+OCT. The apoptotic effects of DFO on heart and cardiomyocytes’ fibers were examined by TUNEL assay and Masson's trichrome staining respectively. Also caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 genes and proteins expression in all groups were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting method, respectively.
Results: Data showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells in the DFO group (P <0.05). Masson's trichrome stain analysis demonstrated that the number of cardiomyocytes' fibers are decreased, and collagen deposition is increased in the DFO group. In comparison, the collagen percentage was significantly reduced in DFO+EXE, DFO +OCT and DFO+EXE+OCT groups. Also, the expression level of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 was significantly decreased in DFO+EXE+OCT group (P <0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this study show that DFO lead to programmed cell death via the activation of caspases in heart tissue. However, it seems that aerobic exercise with octopamine supplementation improves heart tissue through decreasing in the expression of caspase 3 and pro-caspase 3 that inhibit apoptosis.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Due to technical limitations, Table 1 is provided in the Supplementary Files section.
Table 2. Bodyweight and heart weight in different groups of study (mean ± SD)
|
Heart weight (g) |
Body weight (g) |
Groups |
|
1.05 ± 0.03 |
256 ± 7 |
Co |
|
1.03 ± 0.05 |
265 ± 4 |
DFO |
|
1.11 ± 0.07 |
249 ± 8 |
DFO+EXE |
|
0.99 ± 0.03 |
261 ± 3 |
DFO+OCT |
|
1.08 ± 0.07 |
260 ± 5 |
DFO+EXE+OCT |
CO: control (rats were not received any treatments), DFO group: rats were received deep-frying oil, DFO+EXE group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then did aerobic exercise, DFO+OCT group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then were prescribed octopamine, DFO+EXE+OCT group: rats were received deep-frying oil deep-frying oil, then did aerobic exercise and were prescribed octopamine simultaneously
Table 3. Primer sequences for real time PCR assessment
|
Product length (bp) |
TM ( ) |
Primer sequences |
Gene name |
|
121 |
81.1 |
F: 5′- CAT ACT CAG CAC CAG CAT CAC C -3′ R: 5′- CATACTCAGCACCAGCATCACC -3′ |
GAPDH |
|
82 |
80.5 |
F:5′- GCACAAAGTGACTGGATGAAC-3′ R:5′- TGTATTCTTACTCTACCGCAC-3′ |
Caspase 3 |