Ethics approval and consent to participate
Ethical clearance was obtained from the national ethics committee of each participating country (Senegal: Conseil National d’Ethique de la Recherche en Santé (CNERS); Côte d’Ivoire: Comité National de l'Ethique et de la Recherche). All the patients gave their written consent before being included in the study. Participants’ right to refuse the participation was kept, and the confidentiality of the patient was maintained. To have a further assessment on their condition, patients with severe depressive symptoms were referred to a psychiatrist within the hospital.
Consent for publication
All the patients gave their written consent before being included in the study.
Availability of data and material
Complete data for this study cannot be posted in a supplemental file or a public repository at this current time because of scientific reasons here explained. This cross-sectional analysis is part of a 2-year longitudinal study evaluating different aspects of aging with HIV (cognition, physical function, and frailty) and the presence of severe depressive symptoms with a 2-year follow-up, which ended in December 2019. Cross-sectional analyses on cognition and frailty and longitudinal analyses on these topics, including depression, are currently in progress, and thus, data could not be posted at this time.
Competing interests
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose
Funding
Supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), as part of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) under Award Number U01AI069919. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Authors' contributions
CB, NdR and FD designed the study. CB coordinated the study, supervised the data management, conducted the statistical analyses and wrote the first draft. HF and NdR helped in the statistical methodology and analyses and also gave comments on the first draft. ZD, FNA, RA and JMT realized the inclusion of the patients and collected the data under the supervision of AT, EM and MS. All authors helped in the interpretation of the data, read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
The IeDEA West Africa region: Site investigators and cohorts:
Adult cohorts: Marcel Djimon Zannou, CNHU, Cotonou, Benin; Armel Poda, CHU Souro Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Fred Stephen Sarfo and Komfo Anokeye Teaching
Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Eugene Messou, ACONDA CePReF, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Henri Chenal, CIRBA, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Kla Albert Minga, CNTS, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Emmanuel Bissagnene, and Aristophane Tanon, CHU Treichville, Cote d’Ivoire; Moussa Seydi, CHU de Fann, Dakar, Senegal; Akessiwe Akouda Patassi, CHU Sylvanus Olympio,
Lomé, Togo. Pediatric cohorts: Sikiratou Adouni Koumakpai-Adeothy,_CNHU, Cotonou, Benin; Lorna Awo Renner, Korle Bu Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Sylvie Marie N’Gbeche, ACONDA CePReF, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Clarisse Amani Bosse, ACONDA_MTCT+, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Kouadio Kouakou, CIRBA, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Madeleine Amorissani Folquet, CHU de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; François Tanoh Eboua, CHU de Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Fatoumata Dicko Traore, Hopital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali; Elom Takassi, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé,Togo; Coordinators and data centers: François Dabis, Elise Arrive, Eric Balestre, Renaud Becquet, Charlotte Bernard, Shino Chassagne Arikawa, Alexandra Doring, Antoine Jaquet, Karen Malateste, Elodie
Rabourdin, Thierry Tiendrebeogo, ADERA, Isped & INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France. Sophie Desmonde, Julie Jesson, Valeriane Leroy, Inserm 1027, Toulouse, France. Didier Koumavi Ekouevi, Jean-Claude Azani, Patrick Coffie, Abdoulaye Cissé, Guy Gnepa, Apollinaire Horo, Christian Kouadio, Boris Tchounga, PACCI, CHU Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.