The first round of laboratory had showed that mean± SD TH 59.5± 7.4 mg/L, COD 30± 25.8mg/L, calcium 15± 4.3 mg/L, magnesium 5.3± 0.9 mg/L, BOD5 3± 2.6 mg/L and Nitrate 1.5± 0.1mg/L, Ammonia 1.1±0.4 mg/L, Nitrite 0.1±0 mg/L &PHO42- 0.4±0.2 mg/L. The result of microbial analysis was 180CFU/100ml for TF & FC, 40CFU/100ml was E.coli detected in the first study site.
The first round laboratory analysis had showed that BOD & COD result was greatest at site eight & lowest at site seven. The ammonia concentration was highest at site one & lowest site seven. The total hardness measurements highest at site eight & lowest at site four. From metal analysis calcium concentration was highest at site eight & lowest at site four. The magnesium concentration fluctuates as we go through the sites that were highest at site four & lowest at site eight. The nitrite, nitrate & phosphate tests vary as we passed through water sampling sites
Site table 2 here
The percent mean distribution of chemical water quality increases in the order of nitrite, phosphate, ammonia & nitrate in the study sites of Asella tow respectively figure 2.
Site figure 2
The highest percent mean concentration of chemical water quality identified was total hardness (TH) 52.8%mg/L & the lowest was BOD5 2.7mg/L (figure 3).
Site figure 3 here
For the bacteriological analysis of water sample taken from site one the tests were positive for total coliform, fecal coliform & E.Coli. But for the rest sites i.e. after treatment plants no bacteriological tests were positive (table 2).
The second round physical analysis had showed that municipality water was colourles, odourles & tasteless. But the Mean ± SD turbidity was 32.6± 63.4 mg/L. The mean± SD pH 4.5±0.8,EC 101.8±23.1,TH 24± 2.5 mg/L, calcium 6.9± 0.8 mg/L, magnesium 1. ± 0.6 mg/L, Fluorine 0.4± 0.2mg/L, aluminum 0.3± 0.2 mg/L, DO 4.6± 1.2 mg/L, nitrate 3.3± 2.5 mg/L, nitrite 0.9± 2/5 mg/L, zinc 0.3± 0.4 mg/L, CO32- 7. ± 6 mg/l, chloride 6± 1.3 mg/L, alkalinity 6± 4.9 mg/L, total solid 96± 50.3 mg/L, TDS 62± 14.8 mg/L, sodium 3.9± 2.4 mg/L, potassium 1.7± 0.1 mg/L, iron 0. ± 1mg/L and ammonia 0.9± 0.3 mg/L.
The second round laboratory analysis found that all sites municipality water was colourles, odourles & tasteless. The turbidity measurement analysis was highest at site one & lowest at site four, but variations were recorded for the rest four water sampling sites. EC test was highest at site six, then variations recorded with rest sites & lowest values were analyzed at site one. The total dissolved solid result was highest at site six & lowest at site one followed by significant variation for the rest four sites sampling points (figure 4). The total solid analysis result was highest at site one & lowest at site three. The total hardness result was slight deviations with all areas of study in Asella water quality analysis (table 3).
Site figure 4 here
The percent mean concentration of EC was highest while turbidity lowest which indicates solid pollutants available in Asella town water supply.
The dominant metal was sodium ranging from 2.7mg/L to 8.8mg/L. The concentration of sodium was highest at site one & lowest at site four of public trial fountain, then vary for the rest sites. The potassium tests were identical at four sites with slight variation at site four & site six. Total iron test were highest at site one & lowest at site three for the rest sites little variation were obtained. Calcium test were highest at site one & site three, similar results were obtained for the rest four trial. Aluminum test was highest at site two & lowest at site one, followed by variation for the rest sites. The test result for zinc was highest at site four & lowest at site one. The heavy metal analysis result shows there was a variations when we had moved from one study sites to the others (table 3).
Alkalinity test were highest at site one, while for the rest five sites identical results were obtained. The bicarbonate maximum result was obtained at site one followed by similar results for the rest five test sites. The maximum chloride test was found at site six & lowest result was recorded at site one followed with identical result for the rest four sites (table 3).
Ammonium concentration was highest at site one & lowest at site four, with slit variation for the other sites. The maximum nitrate concentration was obtained at site one & lowest result at site six with variation to other sites. The result for nitrite was highest at site five & lowest at site two & four. The dissolved oxygen test was raised at site three & lowest at site six then variation to other sites. The fluoride concentration was highest at site one & lowest at site six.
The bicarbonate concentration was higher than from the respective test of others water quality parameters, while the lowest concentration was obtained ammonia (table 3).
Site table 3 here
Water quality index
Water quality index was analyzed by taking physicochemical & bacteriological laboratory analysis result of Asella town water supply. The equation developed was using ANOVA analysis
WQA =1.2 + 1.9 * BOD5 + 13.9 * Ca2+ + 28.8 * COD + 8.8 * E.coli + 43.9 * FC + 4.1 * Mg2+ + 0.0 * NH3 - 1.0 * NO2- + 0.1* NO3 - 0.8 * PHO42- + 43.8 * TC + 58.4 * TH.
The analysis result of water quality index (WQA) above mean of 20 was COD, FC, TC &TH in Asella town water supply figure 5.
site figure 5 here
The statistical analysis result had shown that a strong pair wise correlation with selected water quality parameters. For example, Turbidity had strong positive correlation with pH & TS while negative correlation with ECs. E.coli, Alk & CO32- had a significant Pvalue with strong correlation with. pH, ECs, E.coli, TS, TURB, Na, NH3 & Alk (table 4).
Site table 4 here