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Short report
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Background In our recent publication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0455-y ) we concluded that of the three dietary indices we studied the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was the index of choice where researchers wish to account for the role of diet in microbiome association studies. Following correspondence from its creators, we replicated our initial study with an additional index, the Dietary inflammation index (DII ® ) using an updated data analysis pipeline for microbiota comparisons that incorporate the use of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) rather than the previously utilised Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) reflects the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet, after controlling for total energy intake, which is of interest given the known association between the microbiota and inflammatory disease.
Results Using data from 5047 participants of the TwinsUK cohort, we observed the E-DII to be a valid dietary measure within this cohort. The E-DII had a stronger association with frailty, a measure of health deficit, than the HEI (E-DII: β = 0.12, p < 0.001; HEI: β = −0.09, p < 0.001) But not with BMI (E-DII: β = 0.04, p <0.01, HEI: β = −0.07, p <0.001). In a subset of individuals (n = 1853) with existing microbiota data, the E-DII had a stronger association with measures of microbiota species (alpha) diversity; the HEI had a higher number of associations with differences of taxa abundance. Of interest are the differences where the two indexes do not overlap). For example, the genus with the strongest association with the E-DII but not significantly associated with the HEI was assigned as Escherichia/Shigella (logFC=0.692, q<0.001). Both indexes were associated with PCoAs of weighted UniFrac distances.
Conclusion Both the E-DII and HEI are strong candidates for use as covariates in microbiota association studies where measures of the microbiota are captured using ASVs. The E-DII is an interesting alternative to the HEI particularly where study designs are looking to assess causality of the microbiota in driving inflammation and inflammatory disease.
Keywords
Microbiome, Microbiota, Dietary Index, Dietary covariate, Human microbiota, Food frequency questionnaire, FFQ, Healthy Eating Index, HEI, Dietary inflammation index, DII, E-DII
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This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Short report
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 16 Mar, 2020
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
General Microbiology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background In our recent publication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0455-y ) we concluded that of the three dietary indices we studied the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was the index of choice where researchers wish to account for the role of diet in microbiome association studies. Following correspondence from its creators, we replicated our initial study with an additional index, the Dietary inflammation index (DII ® ) using an updated data analysis pipeline for microbiota comparisons that incorporate the use of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) rather than the previously utilised Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) reflects the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet, after controlling for total energy intake, which is of interest given the known association between the microbiota and inflammatory disease.
Results Using data from 5047 participants of the TwinsUK cohort, we observed the E-DII to be a valid dietary measure within this cohort. The E-DII had a stronger association with frailty, a measure of health deficit, than the HEI (E-DII: β = 0.12, p < 0.001; HEI: β = −0.09, p < 0.001) But not with BMI (E-DII: β = 0.04, p <0.01, HEI: β = −0.07, p <0.001). In a subset of individuals (n = 1853) with existing microbiota data, the E-DII had a stronger association with measures of microbiota species (alpha) diversity; the HEI had a higher number of associations with differences of taxa abundance. Of interest are the differences where the two indexes do not overlap). For example, the genus with the strongest association with the E-DII but not significantly associated with the HEI was assigned as Escherichia/Shigella (logFC=0.692, q<0.001). Both indexes were associated with PCoAs of weighted UniFrac distances.
Conclusion Both the E-DII and HEI are strong candidates for use as covariates in microbiota association studies where measures of the microbiota are captured using ASVs. The E-DII is an interesting alternative to the HEI particularly where study designs are looking to assess causality of the microbiota in driving inflammation and inflammatory disease.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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