Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) influence on mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of PLA/PBSeT blends

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1736823/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) influence on mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of PLA/PBSeT blends

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1736823/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is an important biodegradable plastic with unique properties. However, its widespread application is hindered by its low miscibility and suboptimal degradation properties. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of PLA and poly (butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) blends in the presence of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). Specifically, this study aimed to identify the effects of PEO as a compatibilizer and hydrolysis accelerator in PLA/PBSeT blends. PLA (80%) and PBSeT (20%) were melt blended with various PEO contents (2–10 phr), and their mechanical, thermal, and hydrolytic properties were analyzed. All PEO-treated blends exhibited a higher elongation at break than that of the control sample, and the tensile strength was slightly reduced. In the PEO 10% sample, the elongation at break increased to 800% of that of the control sample. Differential scanning chromatography (DSC) analysis confirmed that when PEO was added to the PLA/PBSeT blends, the two glass transition temperatures (T_g) narrowed, resulting in improved miscibility of PLA and PBSeT. In addition, the hydrolytic degradation of the PLA/PBSeT/PEO blend accelerated as the PEO content increased. It was confirmed that PEO can act as a compatibilizer and hydrolysis-accelerating agent for PLA/PBSeT blends.

Biodegradable blends

PLA/PBSeT/PEO

poly (ethylene oxide)

degradation accelerator

compatibilizer

Novel biodegradable polyester blend was designed with PLA, synthesized PBSeT, and PEO.
PEO was incorporated into PLA/PBSeT as a compatibilizer to promote blend properties.
Hydrolytic degradability was increased owing to an increase in the surface hydrophilicity with the addition of PEO.

Plastics are widely applied in various industrial fields, and their usage is continuously increasing owing to their low price and excellent properties. Recently, owing to environmental problems such as waste disposal, soot, and environmental hormones from incineration, some non-degradable plastics have been gradually replaced by biodegradable ones [1]. The biodegradability feature provides a significant advantage over non-degradable plastics with regard to resolving these environmental issues; therefore, the demand for biodegradable plastics such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), and polycaprolactone (PCL) is expected to increase continuously [2]. PLA has many advantages, such as a high tensile strength, transparency, and biocompatibility; furthermore, it is a representative biodegradable plastic material that is widely used in medicine and packaging [3]. However, because PLA is a brittle material with a poor elongation at break of less than 10% and low impact strength, its application is limited to flexible packaging [4]. To overcome these shortcomings, the ductility of PLA has been improved through copolymerization and melt blending with elastomer biodegradable polymers, such as PBAT, PBS, PBSA, and PCL [5, 6]. In our previous studies, poly (butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) was synthesized using bio-based sebacic acid, and the synthesized amorphous PBSeT exhibited over 1700 % an elongaton at break and blended with PLA [7, 8]. Studies have been conducted to improve the properties of PLA by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and other plasticizers [9, 10]. PEG, also known as poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), is a semi-crystalline polyether compound with ductility and hydrophilicity, and research for its application as a polymer plasticizer has been previously conducted to complement the brittleness of PLA. Wang and Li investigated PEG of different molecular weights (Mw 2000–20 000) melt blended with PLA and confirmed that the elongation at break and tensile strength increased with the molecular weight [11, 12]. In addition, our previous research has reported the plasticizing properties of PEO with a molecular weight of 100 000 [13]. PEG has been reported to promote the miscibility of PBAT with other polymers [14]. Further, PEO containing a plasticizer can be used as a degradation accelerator. Momeni et al. reported that the higher the PEO content in PLA/starch composites, the faster the decomposition [15]. Therefore, blends of PLA with PBSeT and PEO are expected to improve PLA miscibility and enhance degradation properties. In this study, PLA and PBSeT blends with various PEO contents were developed to improve the ductility and miscibility of PLA-based blends, and their thermal, mechanical, and hydrolytic degradation properties were analyzed.

2.1 Materials

The PLA (4032D) resin was purchased from NatureWorks LLC (USA), and its density, weight-average molecular weight (Mw), melting temperature (T_m), and glass transition temperature (T_g) were 1.25 g/cm³, 190 000, 170 ℃, and 59 ℃, respectively. Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) was obtained from SK Chemical Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Sebacic acid (Se) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) were supplied by Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co. Ltd. (Siheung, Korea). Titanium tetrabutoxide (TBT) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). PEO was obtained from Alfa Aesar (USA), and its weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and melting temperature (T_m) were 100 000 and 65°C, respectively.

2.2 Synthesis of PBSeT and Film Preparation

The synthesis of PBSeT was performed using the method described by Kim et al. [7], using 60 mol% sebacic acid and 40 mol% DMT under vacuum at 200–240°C. The BDO to dicarboxylic acid ratio (mol%) was set at 1.25:1. PLA and synthesized PBSeT were dried in a forced convection oven for at least 24 h at 40 ℃. PLA/PBSeT/PEO blends were mixed using a kneader (TO-350, TEST ONE, KOREA) at 195 ℃ and 130 rpm. The blend ratios are listed in Table 1. After kneading, films ranging 170–200 µm in thickness were produced using a hot press (QM900A, QMESYS, Korea) set at 195 ℃. In addition, blend specimens with a thickness of 500 µm were manufactured using the aforementioned hot press to study the changes in molecular weight over the hydrolysis time of the PLA/PBSeT blends with different PEO contents.

Table 1

Sample compositions with PLA, PBSeT, and PEO
Sample	PLA content (%)	PBSeT content (%)	PEO content (phr)
PEO-0 (Control)	80	20	-
PEO-2	80	20	2
PEO-5	80	20	5
PEO-10	80	20	10

2.3 Mechanical Properties Analysis

The tensile strength and elongation at break of the sample were analyzed according to ISO 527-3 with a universal testing machine (UTM) (QM 100T, QMEYSYS, KOREA) using a 10 kN load cell.

2.4 Thermal Properties Analysis

The thermal properties of the samples were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (Q-20, TA Instruments, USA). All specimens were heated at 15°C/min and scanned several times in the range of − 50 to 220°C under nitrogen conditions. Data from the second cycle were used, and the degree of crystallinity was determined using the following equation [16].

$$Xc\left(\%\right)=\frac{({\varDelta H}_{m}-{\varDelta H}_{cc})}{({\varDelta H}_{0}-{W}_{PLA})}\times 100$$

Here, ΔH_m is the determined melting enthalpy and ΔH_cc is the cold crystallization enthalpy of the pure PLA component. ΔH₀ is the theoretical enthalpy of the 100% crystalline PLA, which is 93.6 J/g [17]. W_PLA is the weight percentage of PLA in the blends, and the degree of crystallinity was calculated using ΔH_m and ΔHcc. The thermal degradation properties of each blend were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA 4000, PerkinElmer, USA). Approximately 10 ± 1 mg of each specimen was heated from 30°C to 800°C at a rate of 15°C/min under a nitrogen environment.

2.5 FT-IR

The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of all specimens were recorded using an FT-IR spectrometer (Spectrum 65, PerkinElmer, USA) in the range of 400–4000 cm^− 1 under ambient conditions. The spectral resolution was 2 cm^− 1, and all the specimens were scanned 16 times.

2.6 Gel Permeation Chromatography Analysis

The molecular weights of the polymer blends after hydrolytic degradation were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a WatersTM Alliance 2690 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation module, a WatersTM 484 tunable absorbance detector operating at 265 nm, and an online multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector (miniDAWN®, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) with a 20 mW gallium-arsenide laser operating at 690 nm. Poly (styrene) standards were used for calibration, and the sample concentration was 1.0 mg/ml in a chloroform solution. The injection volume was 200 µL, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min at 30°C.

2.7 Hydrolytic Degradation Measurements

The blend films were cut into 40 mm × 40 mm pieces, wrapped with a 2 mm mesh, and placed in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pH 13) buffer solution at 58 ± 0.2°C [18]. After hydrolytic degradation, the samples were removed from the solution for 24 h cycles, washed three times with distilled water, dried in a chamber to remove moisture, and weighed. Surface images of the samples were taken using a digital microscope (MSP-8000P, DIGIBIRD, Korea), and all specimens were silver-coated before scanning.

2.8 Contact Angle analysis

The contact angles were determined using a contact angle tester (FEMTOFAB SDSTEZD, FEMTOFAB, KOREA). A syringe was used to place a drop of distilled water (10 µL) on the film surface, and the contact angle images were analyzed using SMARTDROP software. The effect of PEO content on the hydrophilicity of the blend films was analyzed by the change in the contact angle. Contact angles were measured at five spots on each surface to obtain average data and standard deviation values.

3.1 Mechanical Properties analysis

With the addition of PEO, the tensile strength decreased slightly, and the percent elongation at break increased significantly compared to that of the PEO-0 (control) sample. Particularly, in the case of PEO 10 phr sample, the tensile strength decreased by nearly 10% and the elongation rate increased by 800%. The minimum change in tensile strength and the improvement in elongation at break are phenomena in which PEO functions as a plasticizer for the PLA/PBSeT blend and results in the enhanced rubbery nature of PLA in the presence of PEO [3, 13]. In the stress–strain curve, the control sample exhibited hard and brittle characteristics, while the PEO-added blends changed their shape to exhibit soft and strong characteristics. The addition of PEO increased the tensile strength after the yield point, which may have been caused by recrystallization of the amorphous region after the yield point [13].

3.2 Thermal Properties Analysis

3.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

There were no significant differences in the melting temperature (T_m) with the addition of PEO, while two glass transition temperatures (T_g) were detected for all blend samples. When PEO content increased, the gap between the two T_g narrowed owing to an increase from 0.1°C to 17.3°C and a decrease from 62.3°C to 42.3°C in the two T_g values (Table 2). Compatible polymer blends have one T_g owing to the increased interfacial adhesion, and the change in free volume between the molecular chains near the interface reduces the difference between the intrinsic glass transition temperatures of the blend [19, 20]. In addition, as the PEO content increases, the cold crystallization temperature (T_cc) decreases. The cold crystallization peaks for 0, 2, 5, and 10 phr of PEO are observed at 121.6, 104.4, 95.1, and 83.3°C, respectively (Fig. 2a and Table 2). Cold crystallization primarily indicates the mobility of the chain segments of the polymer matrix and the presence of nuclei [21]. In general, polymers with higher crystallization ability exhibit lower T_cc values [22, 23]. It can be inferred that the decrease in crystallization temperature with increasing PEO content enhanced the molecular chain mobility of the PLA/PBSeT blend owing to the plasticizing effect of PEO. As the incorporation of PEO increased, the crystallinity degree increased from 3.3–37.0% (Table 2). The pre-existing crystallites also contribute to the decrease in T_cc because they function as nucleating agents and help in the crystallization of contiguous chains. By analyzing the changes in T_g and T_cc, it was confirmed that PEO acted as a nucleating agent and compatibilizer.

3.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

The TGA and DTGA curves of the blend specimens manufactured with various PEO contents are shown in Fig. 3. Because PLA, PBSeT, and PEO have different decomposition temperatures of 375.5, 420.1, and 388°C, respectively [24], all samples exhibited two decomposition temperature peaks. The decomposition onset temperature (T_onset) and first decomposition temperature (T_max) were higher for all PLA/PBSeT blends than for neat PLA (Table 2). In addition, as the PEO content increased, T_onset decreased, as reported by Esra et al. [25]. The second decomposition temperature (T_max2) was detected around 420°C by PBSeT decomposition, and more residues were observed with increased PEO content; the higher the PEO content, the higher the second decomposition temperature. This increased thermal stability is due to the interaction of PEO as a compatibilizer for PLA/PBSeT [26].

Table 2

Thermal properties of the PLA and PBSeT blends with various PEO contents.
	PEO-0	PEO-2	PEO-5	PEO-10	PLA	PBSeT	PEO
T_m (°C)	27.1 / 166.1	25.2 / 168.1	25.5 / 166.9	24.2 / 168.0	164.2	26.5 / 94.4	64.9
ΔH_m (J/g)	0.9 / 28.7	0.2 / 28.5	0.1 / 31.0	0.2 / 34.3	2.4	1.2 / 5.7	144.0
T_g (°C)	0.1 / 62.3	9.4 / 57.5	12.3 / 50.4	17.3 / 42.3	62.3	−13.27	-
T_cc (°C)	121.6	104.4	95.1	83.3	-	-	-
T_c (°C)	−2.93	−3.1	−1.8	85.6	-	−0.6	41.1
ΔH_cc (J/g)	29.5	29.6	28.8	0.3	-	-	-
ΔH_c (J/g)	0.4	0.2	0.7	23.8	-	14.2	143.1
X_c (%)	3.3	23.1	24.2	37.0	26.0	6.5	70.9
T_onset	361.9	360.3	358.4	356.4	349.9	410.4	363.4
T_max	380.5	379.5	379.1	378.3	375.4	420.1	388.0
T_max2	418.6	420.7	422.6	423.4	-	-	-

3.3 FT-IR analysis

All the FTIR absorption peaks in the spectra of the PLA/PBSeT/PEO blends were almost identical (Fig. 4). The transmittance ratios of the PEO-0 and PEO-10 samples at 2850 cm^− 1, which corresponds to the CH₂ stretching peak, were 99.2% and 97.6%, respectively, and the corresponding peaks increased as the PEO content increased. The 2850 cm^− 1 and 2925 cm^− 1 bands are due to the symmetrical stretch (^sCH₂) and asymmetric stretch (CH₂) of the methylene group [27]. In the spectra, the peaks observed at 1700 cm^− 1 and within 2800–2900 cm^− 1 correspond respectively to the C = O bond and the aliphatic –CH₂ stretching [28].

3.4 GPC analysis

Table 3

Weight-average molecular weight of the PLA/PBSeT blends with different PEO contents.
Sample	PEO-0	PEO-2	PEO-5	PEO-10
Mw (g/mol)	132 800	137 000	137 800	150 200

Table 3 shows that the initial molecular weight of PLA/PBSeT blends increases with increasing PEO contents. The PEO-10 samples exhibited significantly higher molecular weights than those of the others. This increased molecular weight could be explained by the role of PEO acting as a compatibilizer and a nucleating agent for PLA and PBSeT blends. It has been also confirmed by the DSC T_g data wherein the increased miscibility of blends was verified with the emerged T_g by PEO addition. The change in molecular weight with the hydrolysis time of each sample is presented in Fig. 5. For the molecular weight measurements, thicker specimens (0.5 mm) were used to extend the degradation time. Because of the high amount of PEO, the PEO-10 sample exhibited the fastest decrease in initial molecular weight. This can also be confirmed by the hydrolysis weight loss analysis, which explains the phenomenon that the PEO-10 sample exhibits the lowest contact angle degree, highest surface hydrophilicity, and fastest degradation.

3.5 Hydrolytic Degradation

The percentage weight loss of the PLA/PBSeT/PEO blend films by hydrolytic degradation is shown in Fig. 6. The hydrolysis rate increased with increasing PEO content. In particular, the PEO-5 and 10 samples exhibited a 69% and 82% weight loss in 24 h, respectively, which is much higher than the 16% weight loss rate of the control sample. After 10 and 20 h of hydrolytic degradation of each sample, the film surface was enlarged 50 times using a digital microscope, as shown in Fig. 7. As the PEO content increased, the separation of the film matrix accelerated, and the PEO-10 sample showed maximum decomposition after 20 h, while the control sample remained barely decomposed. The higher hydrophilicity of these sample surfaces during hydrolysis resulted in greater leaching of the polymer chain fragments [29, 30]. There are three phases in the hydrolytic degradation of aliphatic polyesters: the incubation step (water absorption), the induction step (decreasing molecular weight), and the polymer erosion step (weight loss of the sample) [31]. The induction period proceeds via random chain scission of the ester bonds in PLA/PBSeT/PEO blends, which preferentially occurs in the amorphous regions because of the better exposure of ester groups to the attacking water molecules [29]. Additionally, in an alkaline environment, hydroxide ions attack the ester carbonyl to form a fraction [32]. It was confirmed that the erosion behavior causing mass loss occurred faster in alkaline conditions than in acidic and neutral conditions [33].

3.6 Contact Angle Analysis

The contact angle decreased as the PEO content increased (Fig. 8). As shown in Fig. 8a, 10 µL of distilled water droplets spread sideways as the PEO content increased owing to an increase in the surface hydrophilicity [23, 34]. An increase in the hydrophilicity of the film surface may cause an increase in the amount of hydrophilic polymer erosion during hydrolysis, thereby accelerating the initial decomposition rate. This phenomenon can explain the hydrolysis weight reduction shown in Fig. 6.

The role of PEO as a compatibilizer and hydrolysis accelerator was confirmed in this study by adding various PEO contents to commercial neat PLA and synthesized PBSeT. In addition, the thermal, mechanical, chemical, and hydrolytic characteristics of the prepared blends were analyzed. With PEO addition, the analysis of the thermal and mechanical properties showed that the gap between the two T_g values narrowed, the crystallinity increased, and the elongation at break increased to 800% of that of the control sample, thereby confirming the role of the PEO as a compatibilizer and nucleating agent. After 24 h of hydrolysis testing, the weight loss rates of blend films with 5 and 10 phr of PEO were 69% and 82%, respectively, which were approximately four to five times faster than that of the blend without PEO. This was due to the increase in the surface hydrophilicity as the PEO content increased during the initial decomposition and molecular weight reduction. The results of this study demonstrate that PEO is a promising degradation accelerator and compatibilizer and may suggest its use in the biodegradable flexible packaging and medical industries, which require ductile polymer blends and rapid degradation properties.

Acknowledgements

All the authors would like to express their gratitude to colleagues (especially for “Dae Kyu Lim”, “Tae Seung Choi”, “Noh Jin Park”) at the Department of Packaging for their support during the tests.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (Grant number 2021R1F1A1052004).

Author Contribution

Sangwoo Kwon : Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing-Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization

Yongsan Kim : Data curation, Software

Hyunho Jang : Data curation, Validation

Sun Jong Kim : Conceptualization

Su-il Park : Supervision, Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing

Burgos N, Tolaguera D, Fiori S, Jiménez A (2014) Synthesis and Characterization of Lactic Acid Oligomers: Evaluation of Performance as Poly(Lactic Acid) Plasticizers. J Polym Environ 22:227–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-013-0628-5
Rujnić-Sokele M, Pilipović A (2017) Challenges and opportunities of biodegradable plastics: A mini review. Waste Manag Res 35:132–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X16683272
Saha D, Samal SK, Biswal M et al (2019) Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend film: effects of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(ethylene glycol) on the properties. Polym Int 68:164–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5718
Elsawy MA, Kim KH, Park JW, Deep A (2017) Hydrolytic degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 79:1346–1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.143
Shen S, Kopitzky R, Tolga S, Kabasci S (2019) Polylactide (PLA) and Its Blends with Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS): A Brief Review. Polym (Basel) 11:1193. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071193
Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Canesi I et al (2021) Poly(Lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) compatibilized binary biobased blends: Melt fluidity, morphological, thermo-mechanical and micromechanical analysis. Polym (Basel) 13:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13020218
Kim SJ, Kwak HW, Kwon S et al (2020) Synthesis, characterization and properties of biodegradable poly(Butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate). Polym (Basel) 12:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102389
Kim SJ, Won Kwak H, Kwon S et al (2021) Characterization of pla/pbset blends prepared with various hexamethylene diisocyanate contents. Materials 14:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010197
Clarkson CM, el Awad Azrak SM, Schueneman GT et al (2020) Crystallization kinetics and morphology of small concentrations of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) melt-compounded into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with plasticizer. Polym (Guildf) 187:122101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122101
Garcia-Garcia D, Carbonell-Verdu A, Arrieta MP et al (2020) Improvement of PLA film ductility by plasticization with epoxidized karanja oil. Polym Degrad Stab 179:109259. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109259
Li F-J, Zhang S-D, Liang J-Z, Wang J-Z (2015) Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization and impact properties of polylactide-based blends. Polym Adv Technol 26:465–475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3475
Wang J, Zhai W, Zheng W (2012) Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Grafted Starch Introducing a Novel Interphase in Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Starch Ternary Composites. J Polym Environ 20:528–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0416-7
Eom Y, Choi B, Park S (2019) A Study on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA/PEO Blends. J Polym Environ 27:256–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1344-y
Moustafa H, Guizani C, Dufresne A (2017) Sustainable biodegradable coffee grounds filler and its effect on the hydrophobicity, mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable PBAT composites. J Appl Polym Sci 134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/app.44498
Momeni S, Ghomi ER, Shakiba M et al (2021) The effect of poly (Ethylene glycol) emulation on the degradation of pla/starch composites. Polym (Basel) 13:1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071019
Li F-J, Zhang S-D, Liang J-Z, Wang J-Z (2015) Effect of polyethylene glycol on the crystallization and impact properties of polylactide-based blends. Polym Adv Technol 26:465–475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3475
Liu Y, Chen W, Kim H-I (2012) Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactide/Poly(ethylene glycol)/Nano-silica Composite Films. J Macromolecular Sci Part A 49:348–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.662077
Kultravut K, Kuboyama K, Ougizawa T (2020) Annealing effect on tensile property and hydrolytic degradation of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) reactive blend with poly(trimethylene terephthalate) by two-step blending procedure. Polym Degrad Stab 179:109228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109228
Qiu J, Xing C, Cao X et al (2013) Miscibility and Double Glass Transition Temperature Depression of Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/Poly(oxymethylene) (POM) Blends. Macromolecules 46:5806–5814. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma401084y
Mahendra IP, Wirjosentono B, Tamrin et al (2019) The influence of maleic anhydride-grafted polymers as compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene and cyclic natural rubber blends. J Polym Res 26:215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-019-1878-2
Chen R, Abdelwahab MA, Misra M, Mohanty AK (2014) Biobased Ternary Blends of Lignin, Poly(Lactic Acid), and Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate): The Effect of Lignin Heterogeneity on Blend Morphology and Compatibility. J Polym Environ 22:439–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-014-0704-5
Coppola B, Cappetti N, Maio L di, et al (2017) Layered silicate reinforced polylactic acid filaments for 3D printing of polymer nanocomposites. In: 2017 IEEE 3rd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry (RTSI). pp 1–4
Wang Y, Wei X, Duan J et al (2017) Greatly enhanced hydrolytic degradation ability of poly(L-lactide) achieved by adding poly(ethylene glycol). Chin J Polym Sci 35:386–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-017-1904-y
Jakić M, Vrandečić NS, Klarić I (2013) Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends: Thermogravimetric analysis. Polym Degrad Stab 98:1738–1743. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.05.024
Ozdemir E, Hacaloglu J (2017) Characterizations of PLA-PEG blends involving organically modified montmorillonite. J Anal Appl Pyrol 127:343–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.07.016
Ferrarezi MMF, de Oliveira Taipina M, Escobar da Silva LC, Gonçalves, M do C (2013) Poly(Ethylene Glycol) as a Compatibilizer for Poly(Lactic Acid)/Thermoplastic Starch Blends. J Polym Environ 21:151–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0480-z
Calabrò E, Magazù S (2013) Demicellization of polyethylene oxide in water solution under static magnetic field exposure studied by FTIR spectroscopy. Advances in Physical Chemistry 2013:. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/485865
Heidarzadeh N, Rafizadeh M, Taromi FA et al (2017) Biodegradability and biocompatibility of copoly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate)s. Polym Degrad Stab 135:18–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.11.013
Loh XJ (2013) The effect of pH on the hydrolytic degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 127:2046–2056. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37712
Remya KR, Chandran S, Mani S et al (2018) Hybrid polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide scaffolds with tunable fiber surface morphology, improved hydrophilicity and biodegradability for bone tissue engineering applications. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 29:1444–1462. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2018.1465664
Kenley RA, Lee MO, Mahoney TR, Sanders LM (1987) Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Decomposition Kinetics in Vivo and in Vitro Introduction Polymers find increasing application in the pharma
Woodard LN, Grunlan MA (2018) Hydrolytic Degradation and Erosion of Polyester Biomaterials. ACS Macro Lett 7:976–982. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00424
von Burkersroda F, Schedl L, Göpferich A (2002) Why degradable polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion. Biomaterials 23:4221–4231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00170-9
Lee JH, Go AK, Oh SH et al (2005) Tissue anti-adhesion potential of ibuprofen-loaded PLLA–PEG diblock copolymer films. Biomaterials 26:671–678. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.03.009

Competing interest reported. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. 2021R1F1A1052004).

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) influence on mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties of PLA/PBSeT blends

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Highlights

1. Introduction

2. Materials And Methods

2.1 Materials

2.2 Synthesis of PBSeT and Film Preparation

2.3 Mechanical Properties Analysis

2.4 Thermal Properties Analysis

2.5 FT-IR

2.6 Gel Permeation Chromatography Analysis

2.7 Hydrolytic Degradation Measurements

2.8 Contact Angle analysis

3. Result & Discussion

3.1 Mechanical Properties analysis

3.2 Thermal Properties Analysis

3.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

3.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

3.3 FT-IR analysis

3.4 GPC analysis

3.5 Hydrolytic Degradation

3.6 Contact Angle Analysis

4. Conclusion

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Status:

Version 1