Author and country
|
In- and exclusion criteria
|
N (%-men) and age
|
Content
|
Frequency, duration and intervention period
|
supervisor
|
Content,
active or passive control group (CG)
|
Time points b
|
Motivational interviewing
|
Babazono et al., 2007
Japan
|
members of the national health insurance, having a systolic and diastolic blood pressure between 130-159mm Hg and 85-99mm Hg respectively, or a HbA1c level of ≥ 5.6%
|
I: 50 (♂: 42%)
C: 46 (♂: 43%)
I: 64.3 (7.1)
C: 64.5 (7.9)
|
PHPP aimed to convince patients of changing their lifestyle by supporting patient empowerment to reach their goals independently
|
1 intake session and 2 sessions to provide follow-up support in one year
|
multidisciplinary team
|
Received results of their health examinations and instructions to enhance exercise via leaflets
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Brodie et al., 2005
United Kingdom
|
participants ≥ 65 years with a primary diagnosis of chronic heart failure
|
I1: 30
I2: 30
C: 32
Twice as many ♂ in C as in I1 (n.s.)
I1: 79 (6.9)
I2: 78 (6.1)
C: 76 (6.4)
|
I1: standard care and a behaviorally-based, motivational interviewing program to increase energy expenditure by integration of physical activities into daily routines
I2: motivational interviewing
|
I1: 8 sessions of 1 hour per week & usual care
I2: 8 sessions of 1 hour per week
Both in a period of 5 months
|
I1: nurse & researcher (affiliation unknown)
I2: researcher (affiliation unknown)
|
Usual care in which a heart failure specialist nurse advised to participate in exercise program
Active CG
|
0, and 5 months
|
Clare et al., 2015 a
United Kingdom
|
participants > 50 and living and functioning independently in the local community
|
I1: 24 (♂: 4%)
I2: 24 (♂: 21%)
C: 27 (♂: 15%)
I1: 67.5 (7.7)
I2: 68.2 (7.9)
C: 70.2 (7.8)
|
I1: GS: structured goal setting process to identify five goals related to physical activity, cognitive activity, physical health and diet, and social engagement to work on the coming year
I2: GM: similar to GS but supplemented by five follow-up mentoring telephone calls to support progress
|
I1: 1 intake session
I2: additionally to I1 5 follow-up mentoring telephone calls at bimonthly interval
|
affiliation unknown
|
One session to discuss information about activities and health
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Cunningham et al., 2012
United Kingdom
|
patients newly diagnosed with intermitted claudication in one or both legs
|
I: 28 (♂: 64%)
C: 30 (♂: 70%)
I: 66.3 (6.3)
C: 64.5 (10.2)
|
Psychological intervention based on motivational interviewing to encourage adaptation of daily routines to incorporate a half-hour continuous walking, and to identify and cope with potential barriers for this activity
|
2 sessions of 1 hour, 1 week apart
|
psychologist
|
Usual care which included behavior change advice and information about peripheral arterial disease
Active CG
|
0, and 4 months
|
De Blok et al., 2006
The Netherlands
|
participants diagnosed with COPD (stages I-IV) and aged between 40–85
|
I: 10 (♂: 50%)
C: 11 (♂: 36%)
I: 65.7 (10.4)
C: 62.5 (12.3)
|
Lifestyle physical activity counseling program aimed to stimulate to increase daily physical activity by incorporating lifestyle physical activities into daily life by motivational interviewing.
|
4 sessions of each 30 minutes
|
physical therapist
|
Usual care which included a regular pulmonary program
Active CG
|
0, and 9 weeks
|
De Greef et al., 2011
Belgium
|
participants ≤ 80 years, BMI 25–35 kg/m2, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for ≥ 6 months, HbA1c ≤ 12%, and pharmaceutically treated for type 2 diabetes
|
I1: 21 (♂: 77%)
I2: 22 (♂: 62%)
C: 24 (♂: 71%)
I1: 70.0 (6.3)
I2: 66.6 (9.5)
C: 66.0 (11.1)
|
I1: CGI: group counseling sessions to develop a lifestyle change plan, focused on goal-setting, decisional balance and relapse prevention, in which planned behavior changes are reported
I2: IC: the content was similar as this of CGI but this individual consultation was supervised by the general practitioner
|
I1: 3 group sessions of 90 min over a 12 week period
I2: 3 individual 15 min face-to-face sessions over a 12 week period
|
psychologist
|
Usual care which included general care from their general practitioner
Active CG
|
0, and 12 weeks
|
Gellert et al., 2014
Germany
|
participants > 59 years and not having a medical contraindication to perform physical activity
|
I: 233
C: 247
(%-♂ I&C 50 at T3)
I&C: 66.6 (4.8)
|
Age-tailored intervention aimed to encourage participants to reappraise physical activity as an emotionally beneficial activity by determine barriers to attaining and maintaining activity goals based on the action theory of selection, optimization, and compensation
|
Not reported
|
affiliation unknown
|
Participants were asked to formulate three plans (with barriers and coping plan) to implement a physical activity goal
Active CG
|
0, 6, and 12 months
|
Hornikx et al., 2015
Belgium
|
participants > 40 years, diagnosis of COPD (FEV1/FVC < 70%), and hospitalized for COPD exacerbation
|
I: 15 (♂: 53%)
C: 15 (♂: 60%)
I: 66 (7)
C: 68 (6)
|
Intervention focusing on physical activity counseling by telephone contacts. Step counts of previous days were discussed as well as barriers and opportunities for physical activity. New goals were set for the following days.
|
3 times per week telephone calls for a period of 1 month
|
physical therapist
|
Information from a physical therapist about increasing physical activity
Passive CG
|
0, 2 weeks and 1 month
|
Ismail et al., 2019
United Kingdom
|
Participants ≥ 40 years and ≤ 74, cardiovascular disease 10-year risk score of ≥20% calculated using QRisk2
|
I1: 523 (♂: 87%)
I2: 697 (♂: 85%)
C: 522 (♂: 84%)
I1: 69.8 (4.1)
I2: 69.6 (4.2)
C: 70.0 (4.1)
|
I1: individual intervention: focusing on physical activity and diet using motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, and social cognitive theory
I2: group intervention: I2 supplemented with encouragement to use peer learning and a peer support environment during and between sessions
|
I1: 11 sessions over a 12 month period
I2: individual intervention supplemented with peer support
|
healthy lifestyle facilitator
|
Weight-loss, smoking cessation and exercise program
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
McMahon et al., 2017
United States
|
community-dwelling participants > 70 years, able to walk, no diagnosis of neurocognitive disorder(s) or a score < 21 on MMSE, and PA levels below national recommendations
|
I1: 25 (♂: 28%)
I2: 25 (♂: 28%)
I3: 27 (♂: 23%)
C: 25 (♂: 20%)
I1: 79 (6)
I2: 80 (8)
I3: 78 (5)
C: 78 (6)
|
Interventions to motivate increased physical activity:
I1: physical activity protocol (Otago), physical activity monitor, and interpersonal behavior strategies (social support, friendly social comparison)
I2: Otago, physical activity monitor, and intrapersonal behavior strategies (goal setting, barriers management)
I3: combination of I1 & I2
|
8 sessions of 15 minutes at session 1 gradually increased to 60 minutes at session 8 in a period of 8 weeks
|
nurse
|
Otago program and discussion about ageing and health
Active CG
|
0, 8 weeks, and 6 months
|
Pinto et al., 2005
United States
|
participants ≥ 60 years, inactive (≤ 60 min per week moderate/vigorous activity), able to live independently, and fully ambulatory
|
I: 52 (♂: 35%)
C: 48 (♂: 39%)
I: 68.7 (6.8)
C: 68.3 (7.6)
|
ExtAd group: counseling tailored to the patient’s stage of readiness to increase physical activity levels. Three face-to-face counseling sessions, physical activity prescriptions, and physical activity tip sheet. Motivational interviewing techniques were used
|
3 face-to-face sessions lasting 30–45 minutes and 12 phone calls weekly lasting 10–15 minutes for a period of 3 months
|
coach (affiliation unknown)
|
Information given by clinician
Passive CG
|
0, 3, and 6 months
|
Sugden et al., 2008
United Kingdom
|
women ≥ 70 years and insufficiently active or sedentary; no participation in moderate intensity physical activity of at least 30 min at least 5 days/week or at least 20 min of continuous vigorous intensity ≥ 3 times/week
|
I: 26 (♂: 0%)
C: 18 (♂: 0%)
I&C: 76 (NR)
(range 70–86)
|
Theory-based intervention: emphasizes goal-setting, planning and self-monitoring in behavior change. Individualized action plans and coping plans were designed to increase physical activity levels and to cope with possible barriers
|
Weekly telephone calls for 1 month and then fortnightly until 3 months
|
nurse
|
Theory-based intervention, see intervention, without individualized action- and coping plans
Active CG
|
0, and 3 months
|
Warner et al., 2016
Germany
|
community-dwelling adults ≥ 64 years, not acutely physically impaired or disabled, and not exercising on a regular basis of > 2 times per week for 30 min
|
I1: 101
I2: 30
C1: 103
C: 76
(I1&I2&C1&C2:
♂: 25%)
I1&I2&C1&C2: 70.3 (4.9)
|
I1: IG: interactive sessions to prompt physical activity and participants received two further intervention techniques targeting positive views-on-ageing. Furthermore participants were informed that they should consult their physician to clarify what physical activity would be suitable for them
I2: IGpl: IG supplemented with an action-planning sheet
|
3 hour face-to-face session in a period of 5 weeks. Frequency and duration of other sessions is not reported
|
psychologist
|
C1: ACG: usual care without views-on-ageing
Active CG
C2: PCG: booklet with strategies for health behavior change
Passive CG
|
0, 11 weeks, 10, and 14 months
|
Tailor-made intervention
|
Frändin et al., 2016
Sweden, Norway and Denmark
|
nursing home residents > 64 years and having need of daily assistance in a minimum of one personal activity of personal living
|
I: 129 (♂: 30%)
C: 112 (♂: 21%)
I: 85 (7.9)
C: 84.5 (7.3)
|
Individually tailored program consisting of physical- and daily activities in different combinations, depending on the goals and physical- and cognitive function of each participant
|
Frequency was dependent of goals and physical, and cognitive function
|
physical therapist & occupational therapist
|
Usual care
Active CG
|
0, 3, and 6 months
|
Grönstedt et al., 2015
Sweden, Norway and Denmark
|
nursing home residents > 64 years and having need of daily assistance in a minimum of one personal activity of personal living
|
I: 170 (♂: 29%)
C: 152 (♂: 24%)
I: 85.0 (7.7)
C: 84.9 (7.6)
|
Individually tailored program consisting of physical- and daily activities in different combinations, depending on the goals and physical- and cognitive function of each participant
|
Frequency was dependent of goals and physical, and cognitive function
|
physical therapist & occupational therapist
|
Usual care
Active CG
|
0, and 3 months
|
Petrella et al., 2010
Canada
|
community-dwelling men and women aged between 55–85 years with an energy expenditure < 35kcal/kg/d
|
I: 193 (♂: 42%)
C: 167 (♂: 44%)
I: 64.2 (7.4)
C: 65.8 (6.7)
|
STEPS: intervention based on counseling and support based on the patients’ stages of exercise behavior. Family physicians developed exercise prescriptions by determining pVO2max from step tests results, and providing advice about appropriate frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise
|
Frequency, duration and intervention period not reported
|
physician
|
Individualized exercise prescriptions
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Resnick et al., 2008
United States
|
participants ≥ 60 years, having a blood pressure < 200/100, a heart rate between 60–120, and no known recent (< 6 months) history or heart attack, stroke, or new irregular heartbeat
|
I: 100 (♂: 21%)
C: 66 (♂: 17%)
I: 73.3 (8.5)
C: 72.7 (8.1)
|
SESEP: intervention focusing on development of individual short- and long term goals and a monthly reward for those who achieve goals. Twice-weekly workouts of increasing intensity, dance/aerobics, resistive exercise, and balance exercise were organized. Positive verbal reinforcement, individual interactions, and review of the exercise booklet in class were encouraged. Earlier participants served as role models
|
2 weekly sessions, group sessions, and individual interactions (frequency not reported). Duration and period not reported
|
physical activity teacher
|
Nutrition course of equal intensity to SESEP
Passive CG
|
0, and 14 weeks
|
Turunen et al., 2020
Finland
|
community-dwelling older adults ≥ 60 years, admitted to a hospital due to musculoskeletal injury or disorder
|
I: 58 (♂: 15%)
C: 59 (♂: 14%)
I: 79.9 (8.4)
C: 79.7 (8.1)
|
Intervention focusing on motivational interviewing, goal attainment process, guidance for safe walking, a progressive home exercise program, physical activity counseling, and standard care
|
7 home visits and 3 phone calls and a face-to-face physical activity coaching session over a period of 6 months
|
physical therapist
|
Rehabilitation and healthcare services according standard care
Active CG
|
0, 3, 6, and 12 months
|
Van Hoecke et al., 2014
Belgium
|
sedentary older adults > 60 years and performing < 150min of moderate to strenuous physical activity per week
|
I1: 150
C1: 146
C2: 146
(I1&C1&C2: ♂: 33%)
I1&C1&C2: 69.5 (6.7)
|
I1: COACH: participants received WALK and additional individually tailored physical activity coaching based on self-determination theory
|
I1: every 10 days face-to-face contacts and booster phone calls over a period of 10 weeks
|
coach
|
C1: REFER: 15 min informative session for explanation and referral to organized physical activities, and self-help booklet
C2: WALK: REFER with an individualized weekly schedule of walks
Active CG
|
0, 10 weeks, and 12 months
|
Witham et al., 2012
United Kingdom
|
patients ≥ 70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (NYHA II and III) and a history of symptoms and signs of congestive heart failure
|
I: 53 (♂: 66%)
C: 54 (♂: 69%)
I: 80.4 (5.8)
C: 79.5 (4.9)
|
Individually tailored intervention based on cognitive and behavioral techniques focusing on benefits of exercise, goals and how to work towards them, relaxation techniques, how thoughts and feelings affect symptoms, and dealing with setbacks
|
2 weekly exercise classes for 8 weeks followed by a 16 weeks of home exercise supervised by every 2 weeks phone calls for 8 weeks and monthly for final 8 weeks. This period was followed by 16 weeks of home-based exercise
|
physical therapist
|
Usual care which consisted of a booklet with general advice in diet, exercise and lifestyle
Active CG
|
0, 8, and 24 weeks
|
Intervention related to utilizing the context of the patient
|
Barrows et al., 2018
United States
|
community-dwelling older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease
|
I: 8 (♂: 12.5%)
C: 7 (♂: 0%)
I: 62.4 (9.3)
C: 68.6 (6.7)
|
The yoga for HEART: aimed to increase physical activity behavior and improve health outcomes through increased awareness and use of social contextual resources, and behavioral changes processes
|
Dose, duration, frequency, and session length, were standardized
|
nurse & certified yoga instructor
|
Attendance of 60 min group yoga sessions once per week for 12 weeks
Active CG
|
0, and 12 weeks
|
Cohen-Mansfield et al., 2019
Israel
|
sedentary (no regular involvement in physical activity regimes in the previous 6 months), inactive seniors
|
I: 19
C: 20
(I&C: ♂: 10%)
I&C: 84.5 (6.7)
|
PASAI: tailored to match participants physical needs and abilities to bolster sense of success and thereby promoting self-efficacy. The primary focus was to use social support to increase self-efficacy perception and reduce barriers to physical activity
|
18 sessions provided twice a week for 45 minutes over a period of 9 weeks. Additionally 3 group meetings 5 minutes
|
physical activity teacher
|
Physical activity class with tailored exercise program
Active CG
|
0, and 9 weeks
|
Lang et al., 2018
United Kingdom
|
patients ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by echocardiography
|
I: 25 (♂: 36%)
C: 25 (♂: 56%)
I: 71.8 (9.9)
C: 76.0 (6.6)
|
REACH-HF program: a progressive exercise training program tailored according to initial fitness assessments and information modules for better understanding and management of heart failure
|
12 week period, frequency and duration of sessions is not reported
|
nurse
|
Usual care for heart failure
Active CG
|
0, 4, and 6 months
|
Steinberg et al., 2009
United States
|
community-residing participants with probable Alzheimer’s disease, stable medical history and general health, MMSE ≥ 10, and ambulatory
|
I: 14 (♂: 29%)
C: 13 (♂: 31%)
I: 76.5 (3.9)
C: 74.0 (8.1)
|
Participants and caregivers were instructed in a daily intervention consisting of aerobic fitness, strength training, and balance and flexibility training.
|
3 visits of 2 hours over a period of 12 weeks
|
psychologist
|
Home safety assessment and formulation of three regularly performed physical activities
Active CG
|
0, 6, and 12 weeks
|
Intervention based on monitoring & feedback
|
Christiansen et al., 2020
United States
|
participants ≥ 45 years, receiving outpatient physical therapy for unilateral total knee replacement, and interested in increasing physical activity
|
I: 20 (♂: 60%)
C: 23 (♂: 35%)
I: 67.5 (7.2)
C: 66.5 (6.9)
|
In addition to usual care after total knee replacement, participants received Fitbit Zips, weekly steps/day goal, and monthly follow-up calls to promote physical activity.
|
Weekly sessions, and monthly follow-up phone calls over a period of 6 months
|
physical therapist
|
Usual care after total knee replacement
Active CG
|
0, 6, and 12 months
|
Herghelegiu et al., 2017
Romania
|
community-dwelling older adults > 65 years recruited after referral by general practitioner to outpatient geriatric clinic
|
I: 100 (♂: 23%)
C: 100 (♂: 28%)
I: 74.8
(71.0–81.0)
C: 75.0
(69.8–80.0)
median (IQR)
|
Intervention aimed at increasing low or maintaining higher physical activity by completion of an initial health risk assessment questionnaire and monthly counseling sessions
|
Monthly session of 15–30 min over a period of 6 months
|
geriatrician
|
Waitlist control group
Passive CG
|
0, and 6 months
|
Kawagoshi et al., 2015
Japan
|
retired patients in stable condition with no infection of exacerbation of COPD for at least the prior 3 months, able to walk unassisted, and no severe cardiac, orthopedic, or mental disorder
|
I: 12 (♂: 83%)
C: 15 (♂: 93%)
I: 74 (8)
C: 75 (9)
|
PR + P: a multidisciplinary home-based program to retain breath by upper and lower limb exercises and increasing level of walking. Participants were monitored using a pedometer and received monthly feedback and verbal reinforcement about their pedometer use to increase physical activity
|
Monthly sessions of 45 min over a period of 12 months
|
physical therapist & multidisciplinary staff
|
Pulmonary rehabilitation without feedback
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Koizumi et al., 2009
Japan
|
elderly physically independent participants, and being untrained but physically healthy
|
I: 34 (♂: NR)
C: 34 (♂: NR)
I: 66 (4)
C: 67 (4)
|
LIFE intervention: based on activity level, recommendations were provided. Participants were provided with quantity of physical activity, and time spent in moderate intensity daily physical activity. Every two weeks participants could modify their daily physical activity level to better meet the targeted goal
|
6 sessions every 2 weeks over a period of 12 weeks
|
affiliation unknown
|
Instructions to continue normal daily activity. Participants received no feedback
Passive CG
|
0, and 12 weeks
|
Nguyen et al., 2019
United States
|
patients ≥ 40 years, with a COPD related hospitalization, emergency department visit, or observation stay in the previous 12 months
|
I: 1358 (♂: 47%)
C: 1349 (♂: 45%)
I: 72 (10)
C: 72 (10)
|
Walk On intervention including collaborative monitoring of step counts, step goal recommendations, individualized reinforcement and peer support, with built-in flexibility to accommodate the diverse preferences and needs of patients, as well as anticipated implementation constraints
|
4 weekly phone calls during first 5 weeks, outreach for remaining 11 months, over a period of 12 months. Monthly group support meeting
|
coach
|
Usual care and access to all health services. No instructions to exercise
Passive CG
|
0, 6, and 12 months follow-up
|
Peel et al., 2016
Australia
|
patients ≥ 60 years, admitted to post-acute care and able to ambulate independently of with supervision, and expected to have length of stay ≥ 2 weeks
|
I: 128 (♂: 39%)
C: 127 (♂: 45%)
I: 81 (9)
C: 82 (8)
|
Intervention focusing on determining mobility goals including provisional targets for daily walking time. These goals were reviewed weekly and modified, informed by pedometer data, to motivate and reach set targets.
|
Weekly feedback at case conference of a period of 4 weeks
|
physical therapist
|
Usual care which included setting mobility goals. No feedback was provided
Active CG
|
0, and 4 weeks
|
Sazlina et al., 2015
Malaysia
|
community-dwelling Malays > 60 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and having a sedentary lifestyle (< 150 min per week moderate intensity)
|
I1: 23 (♂: 61%)
I2: 23 (♂: 52%)
C: 23 (♂: 48%)
I1: 63.0 (8.0)
I2: 64.0 (7.0)
C: 63.0 (7.0)
|
I1: PF: usual diabetes care with structural personalized feedback on participants physical activity pattern
I2: PS: additionally to PF, participants received support from peer mentors; individuals who successfully coped with the same condition and can be a positive role model
|
I1: 3 monthly face-to-face sessions over a period of 12 weeks
I2: I1 supplemented with 3 face-to-face and 3 telephone contacts
|
first author (affiliation unknown) & peers
|
Usual diabetes care which included education on lifestyle, medications, and self-care management
Active CG
|
0, 12, 24, and 36 weeks
|
Thompson et al., 2014
United States
|
persons ≥ 65 years, BMI 25–40 kg/m2, being ambulatory but sedentary, and completing a get up and go test in < 20 sec
|
I: 24 (♂: 21%)
C: 24 (♂: 17%)
I: 79.1 (8.0)
C: 79.8 (6.0)
|
Intervention focusing to support participants to increase their activity level by at least 20%. Individual guidance took place through “Get READY, get SET, and Go” to promote endurance, strength, balance, flexibility, goal-setting, and building a plan
|
Every two months face-to-face sessions and weekly phone calls over a period of 24 weeks
|
counselor (affiliation unknown)
|
Waitlist control group
Passive CG
|
0, 3*, 6, 9, and 12* months
*results for PA were not reported
|
Wootton et al., 2019
Australia and New Zealand
|
Participants with a medical diagnosis of moderate, severe or very severe COPD, in a stable clinical state and a smoking history of > 10 years
|
I: 42 (♂: 71%)
C: 44 (♂: 52%)
I: 70 (7)
C: 69 (9)
|
Ground-based walking training on a flat indoor track. Intensity was advanced on an individual basis
|
3 sessions lasting 30–45 min per week over a period of 8 weeks
|
Physical therapist
|
No participation in any exercise training and no instructions regarding exercise
Passive CG
|
0, 2, and 12 months
|
Interventions using multiple motivational strategies
|
Arkkukangas et al., 2017
Sweden
|
participants > 75 years and able to walk independently
|
I1: 61 (♂: 33%)
I2: 58 (♂: 31%)
C: 56 (♂: 27%)
I1: 83 (5.0)
I2: 84 (4.1)
C: 82 (4.7)
|
I1: OEP: home-based exercise program designed to improve strength, balance, and endurance
I2: OEP + MI: motivational interviewing combined with OEP
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and shared decision making
|
I1: 5 sessions of 1 hour over a period of 12 weeks
I2: I1 supplemented with MI
|
physical therapist
|
Pamphlet with general safety recommendations
Passive CG
|
0, and 12 weeks
|
Clare et al., 2015 a
United Kingdom
|
participants > 50 and living and functioning independently in the local community
|
I1: 24 (♂: 4%)
I2: 24 (♂: 21%)
C: 27 (♂: 15%)
I1: 67.5 (7.7)
I2: 68.2 (7.9)
C: 70.2 (7.8)
|
I1: GS: structured goal setting process to identify five goals related to physical activity, cognitive activity, physical health and diet, and social engagement to work on the coming year
I2: GM: similar to GS but supplemented by five follow-up mentoring telephone calls to support progress
Tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
I1: 1 intake session
I2: additionally to I1 5 follow-up mentoring telephone calls at bimonthly interval
|
affiliation unknown
|
One session to discuss information about activities and health
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Croteau et al., 2007
United States
|
participants ≥ 55 years, able to ambulate independently, and able to walk at a velocity and/or appropriate gait patterns necessary to permit adequate pedometer readings
|
I: 95
C: 84
(I&C: ♂: 22%)
I: 74.4 (9.1)
C: 71.2 (8.2)
|
Intervention based on social cognitive theory and consisted of counselling, pedometer usage, and self-monitoring
Tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
1 intake and 1 follow-up face-to-face session and monthly group sessions, both over a period of 12 weeks
|
facilitator (affiliation unknown)
|
Waitlist control with instructions to continue “usual” activity during control period
Passive CG
|
0, 12, and 24 weeks
|
De Vries et al., 2016
The Netherlands
|
older adults > 70 years and signed up for physical therapy because of mobility problems
|
I: 64 (♂: 25%)
C: 65 (♂: 31%)
I: 78.4 (5.5)
C: 78.6 (5.5)
|
Coach2Move: individualized treatment, based on motivational interviewing, physical examination, individualized goal-setting, coaching and advise on self-management, and physical training, to increase physical activity
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
Depending on 3 intervention profiles a pre-defined number of sessions took place. Intake lasted 30–90 min and intervention sessions took 30 min
|
physical therapist
|
Usual care physical therapy. No instructions were given regarding content, frequency and duration
Active CG
|
0, 3, and 6 months
|
Gillison et al., 2015
United Kingdom
|
participants aged between 40–74 with a BMI of 28–45 kg/m2, and with high cardiovascular risk
|
I: 54
C: 54
(I&C: ♂: 67%)
I&C: 65.2 (7.0)
|
GGT DPP intervention to equip participants with a better understanding of what a healthy lifestyle is and it’s importance to encourage participants towards the continued use of self-regulatory activities (goal-setting, self-monitoring, of behavior and weight, reviewing progress, problem solving and review of goals) and to better understand behavior change over the long term
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
9 groups sessions lasting 2 hours over a period of 8 months
|
coach (affiliation unknown)
|
Usual care
Active CG
|
0, 4, and 12 months
|
Goldberg et al., 2019
United Kingdom
|
participants ≥ 65 years, diagnosed with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment, MoCA 15–25, MMSE 18–26
|
I1: 19 (♂: 63%)
I2: 20 (♂: 70%)
C: 21 (♂: 38%)
I1&I2&C: 76 (65–91)
|
I1: moderate intensity: based on motivational strategies to encourage adherence to, and persistence with planned individually tailored exercises and activities. Regular reassessment and progression
I2: high intensity: not included for analyses in this study
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and monitoring & feedback
|
I1: 9 sessions and 3 phone calls in a period of 3 month. Encouragement to continue after supervision ceased
I2: not included in this study
|
physical- and occupational therapist, and rehabilitation support worker
|
Single falls prevention assessment and advice by a therapist if indicated
Active CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Harris et al., 2015
United Kingdom
|
participants aged between 60–74 years registered at three general practices and able to walk outside
|
I: 150 (♂: 46%)
C: 148 (♂: 47%)
I: n (%)
60–64: 41 (27)
65–69: 61 (41)
70–75: 48 (32)
C: n (%)
60–64: 69 (47)
65–69: 44 (30)
70–75: 35 (24)
|
Intervention focusing on behavioral change techniques; including for instance goal-setting, self-monitoring, building self-efficacy and social support, overcoming barriers, preventing relapses, building lasting habits, and reporting of progress to increase physical activity
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
4 consultations over a period of 3 months
|
nurse
|
Usual care from the general practice
Active CG
|
0, 3, and 12 months
|
Kerr et al., 2018
United States
|
participants > 65 years, complete a timed up and go < 30 sec, and able to walk 20 meter without human assistance
|
I: 151 (♂: 26%)
C: 156 (♂: (29%)
I: 81.9 (5.9)
C: 85.3 (6.5)
|
Intervention based on techniques from the social cognitive theory to increase and maintain physical activity. Peer leaders helped to achieve goals
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, context-related, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
9 group sessions over a period of 6 months supplemented with 4 phone calls in the first 8 weeks
|
staff & peers
|
Similar levels of attention as intervention group but without peer leaders
Active CG
|
0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months
|
Lewis et al., 2020
United Kingdom
|
participants ≥ 60 years, and a diagnosis of a polyp or adenoma during screening colonoscopy
|
I: 7 (♂: 65%)
C: 14 (♂: 64%)
I: 68.1 (3.4)
C: 69.4 (6.3)
|
Intervention aimed to facilitate behaviour change by three psychological needs of Self-Determination Theory and motivational interviewing. Furthermore, supervised exercises were provided combined with behaviour change workshops to aid the uptake and maintenance of physical activity.
Motivational interviewing, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
2 sessions per week for 3 months and once a week for the following 3 months. 12 behaviour change workshops one a fortnight over a period of 6 months
|
exercise specialist
|
Standard care
Passive CG
|
0, 6, and 12 months
|
Mackey et al., 2018
Canada
|
community-dwelling men ≥ 60 years, wanting to be more physically active, and having no plans to be out of town ≥ 7days during the study
|
I: 29 (♂: 100%)
C: 29 (♂: 100%)
I: 71.8 (6.5)
C: 72.0 (6.9)
|
Intervention informed by CHAMPS with the active transportation component as novel addition. The intervention focused on increasing physical activity by development of a personal action- and travel plan in a progressive manner, record daily physical activity, and to explore progress
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
1 intake session, 3 monthly 60 min session, and 1 group session over a period of 12 weeks
|
coach (affiliation unknown)
|
Waitlist control group
Passive CG
|
0, 12, and 24 weeks
|
Matz-Costa et al., 2018
United States
|
participants ≥ 65 years and relatively inactive as determined by a score of < 10 on a modified version of the health enhancement lifestyle profile, and being a city resident
|
I: 12 (♂: 25%)
C: 13 (♂: 15%)
I: 77.8 (NR)
C: 70.3 (NR)
|
Intervention consisting of technology-assisted self-monitoring of daily activity via pedometers and daily tablet surveys (to measure cognitive activity, social interaction, and personal meaning), psychoeducation and goal-setting, and one-on-one peer mentoring to support goal implementation
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made, context-related and monitoring & feedback
|
Control intervention supplemented with 3 hour workshop and 5 phone sessions over 2.5 weeks
|
facilitator (affiliation unknown) & peers
|
1.5 hour technology training to wear pedometer and to complete daily tablet survey
Passive CG
|
0, 4, and 8 weeks
|
Morey et al., 2009
United States
|
men ≥ 70 years and able to walk 30 feet without human assistance
|
I: 199 (♂: 100%)
C: 199 (♂: 100%)
I: 77.7 (5.0)
C: 77.4 (4.9)
|
Intervention based on social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical “stages of change” model to assess physical activity goals, quantify actual physical activity, offer support and reinforcement, discuss barriers, problem solve, and assignment of new physical activity goals
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and monitoring & feedback
|
1 intake session followed by sessions at 2 week-intervals for 6 weeks and then monthly over a period of 12 weeks
|
coach (affiliation unknown)
|
Usual care which included instructions to continue normal daily activities
Active CG
|
0, 3, 6, and 12 months
|
Oliveira et al., 2019
Australia
|
community-dwelling older adults ≥ 60 years, living at home, regularly able to leave the house without physical assistance from another person
|
I: 64 (♂: 33%)
C: 67 (♂: 25%)
I: 71 (6)
C: 72 (7)
|
Intervention based on combined physical activity, a health coaching visit, setting mobility-related goals, tailored advice and fall prevention to improve physical activity and mobility-related goal attainment
Tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
2 hour home visit, and fortnightly phone coaching over a period of 6 months
|
physical therapist
|
Same fall prevention brochure and advised to continue usual activities
Passive CG
|
0, 6, and 12 months
|
Pfeiffer et al., 2020
Germany
|
community-dwelling hip- and pelvic fracture patients ≥ 60 years, and with fear of falling in specific defined categories
|
I: 57
C: 58
(I&C: ♂: 24%)
I&C: 82.5 (6.8)
|
Rehab + I: based on modules relaxation, meaningful activity and mobility-based goals, fall-related cognitions and emotions, coping with fall risk tasks and situations, individual exercise programme, planning and implementing exercises and activities, and fall risks and hazards
Tailor-made, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
8 sessions, 4 phone calls, and 1 home visit over a period of 2 months
|
physical therapist or sports therapist
|
Usual care
Active CG
|
0, and 3 months
|
Piedra et al., 2018
United States
|
participants ≥ 60 years, cognitive intact (determined by 6-item cognitive screener), able to walk, physically inactive (< 20min of exercise at least 3 times a week)
|
I: 279 (♂: 26%)
C: 293 (♂: 19%)
I&C: 73.1 (6.8)
|
Intervention based on attribution theory combined with social cognitive theory to teach participants to change their attributions from immutable to mutable and to learn problem solving as a group
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and shared decision making
|
4 sessions of 1 hour for 4 weeks, followed by monthly 1 hour sessions every month. Intervention group additionally received 4 sessions
|
health facilitator
|
Generic health education
Active CG
|
0, 1, and 12 months
|
Siltanen et al., 2020
Finland
|
participants 75–80 years, MMSE score ≥ 25, and a baseline score between 52.3–90.0 at Birmingham Life-Space Assessment
|
I: 101 (♂: 40%)
C: 103 (♂: 39%)
I: NR
C: NR
|
Intervention aimed to increase self-selected meaningful activity in everyday life. Counseling and supportive material focuses on increasing participation in out-of-home physical and social activities, by social support, feedback and encouragement
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and monitoring & feedback
|
90 min face-to-face session and 4 phone sessions at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months
|
trained counselor
|
Information related to general health about four themes: exercise, nutrition, cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes
Passive CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Stewart et al., 2001
United States
|
sedentary or underactive older adults; not engaging in moderate intensity physical activity at least three times weekly for at least 20 min per time, and no impairment due to multiple medical or psychiatric diseases
|
I: 81 (♂: 31%)
C: 83 (♂: 37%)
I: 74.3 (5.9)
C: 74.6 (5.8)
|
CHAMPS II: a public health program based on social cognitive theory and self-efficacy enhancement and readiness to change, as well as motivational techniques. Goals were to individually tailored encouragement and support of long-term increases in physical activity. Participants were also encouraged to develop a balanced program
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and shared decision making
|
Information meeting, individual session, monthly group workshops, and phone calls. Frequency duration, and period unknown
|
trained staff
|
Waitlist control group
Passive CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
Suwanpasu et al., 2014
Thailand
|
participants aged between 60–93 years and diagnosed with femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, or subtrochanteric fracture
|
I: 23 (♂: 22%)
C: 23 (♂: 26%)
I: 77.6 (7.9)
C: 72.9 (8.4)
|
PEP: a process of personal regulation of goal-directed behavior and manifested by goal-setting, reinforcements, self-monitoring, corrective self-reactions, and determination to reach the desired outcomes. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations played an influential role in adoption and maintenance of physical activity behavior
Motivational interviewing, shared decision making and monitoring & feedback
|
5 sessions in a period of 7 weeks consisting of face-to-face sessions and phone calls
|
affiliation unknown
|
Physical activity for hip fracture booklet
Active CG
|
0, and 6 weeks
|
Tuvemo Johnson et al., 2020
Sweden
|
participants > 75 years and able to walk independently
|
I1: 61 (♂: 33%)
I2: 58 (♂: 31%)
C: 56 (♂: 27%)
I1: 83 (5.0)
I2: 84 (4.1)
C: 82 (4.7)
|
I1: OEP: home-based exercise program designed to improve strength, balance, and endurance
I2: OEP + MI: motivational interviewing combined with OEP
Motivational interviewing, tailor-made and shared decision making
|
I1: 6 sessions of 1 hour and 3 phone calls over a period of 12 months
I2: I1 supplemented with MI
|
physical therapist
|
Pamphlet with general safety recommendations
Passive CG
|
0, and 12 months
|
a Clare 2015 is included in both motivational interviewing and interventions using multiple motivational strategies, because in this study one intervention focuses on motivational interviewing and one intervention focuses on multiple motivational strategies.
b used timepoints in analyses and narrative results are underlined.
Abbreviations: NR: not reported
|