IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON:
A. Live Birth/Live male birth/Live female birth
The total number of Live Birth registered at public health facilities were 15016049, 14992265 and 14006911 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows a continuous decreasing trend during the study period. During 2019 there were -0.16% decrease in live births compared to 2018 and -6.57% decreases in 2020 compared to 2019.
The total number of live male Birth registered at public health facilities were 7779435, 7748563 and 7236228 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows a continuous decreasing trend during the study period. During 2019 there were -0.40% decrease in live male births compared to 2018 and -6.61% decreases in 2020 compared to 2019.The total number of live female Birth registered at public health facilities were 7236614, 7243702 and 6770683 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows that during 2019 there were +0.10% increase in live female births compared to 2018 and -6.53% decreases in 2020 compared to 2019 see table 1,3 and figure-1 A, B, and C. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on total numbers of live birth as well as total live male and female births at public health facilities in India on an all India cumulative basis.
B. Number of newborn screened for defects at birth (as per RBSK)
The total number of newborn screened for defects at birth (as per RBSK) under RBSK services were 6422283, 8474973 and 6719027during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 number of newborn screened for defects at birth (as per RBSK) under RBSK services increase in 2019 by 31.96% compared to 2018 and decreased by (-) 20.72% in 2020, compared to 2019. The Utilization of this service under RBSK per 1000 live birth registered at Public health facilities were 427.69, 565.29 and 479.69 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increasing during 2019 followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period, see table-1, 3, and figure 2 – A, B. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of newborn screened for defects at birth (as per RBSK) under RBSK services at public health facilities in India on an all India cumulative basis.
C. Number of children (6 month to 6 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Anganwadi center
The total number of children (6 month to 6 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Anganwadi center under RBSK services were 66795744, 89282721 and 25994893 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 33.67% increase in number of children (6 month to 6 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Anganwadi center under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 70.88% decrease in 2020 COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, and figure 3. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of children (6 month to 6 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Anganwadi center under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis.
D. Number of children (6 years to 18 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools
The total number of children (6 years to 18 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools under RBSK services were 76514223, 94504570 and 25022186 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 23.51% increase in number of children (6 years to 18 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 73.52% decrease in 2020 COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, and figure 4.
This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of children (6 years to 18 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis.
Table- 4- Comparison of total screening and output / outcome per 1000 screened during 2018-2019-2020
Year
|
Total 2018
|
Total 2019
|
Total 2020
|
Grand Total
|
Total number of children screened at school and Anganwadi(7+8)
|
143309967
|
183787291
|
51017079
|
378114337
|
Number of Male children identified with Disease / 1000 screened
|
23.49
|
31.18
|
29.72
|
28.07
|
Number of Female children identified with Disease/ 1000 screened
|
22.37
|
30.27
|
29.31
|
27.15
|
Number of Male children identified with Deficiency/ 1000 screened
|
7.92
|
16.64
|
12.54
|
12.78
|
Number of Female children identified with Deficiency/ 1000 screened
|
19.51
|
13.70
|
13.66
|
15.89
|
Number of Male children identified with Developmental delay/ 1000 screened
|
5.62
|
5.30
|
5.10
|
5.39
|
Number of Female children identified with Developmental delay/ 1000 screened
|
5.74
|
5.50
|
5.06
|
5.53
|
Number of Children Managed by Intervention - Medical/ 1000 screened
|
31.36
|
50.95
|
50.94
|
43.53
|
Number of Children Managed by Intervention - Surgical
|
1.10
|
0.74
|
0.87
|
0.89
|
Early intervention at DEIC ( District Early Intervention Centre)/ 1000 screened
|
4.35
|
3.73
|
5.94
|
4.26
|
Table – 5 – Increase / decrease (-) and percent comparison of total screening and output / outcome per 1000 screened during 2018-2019-2020
Year
|
Increase decrease to previous year 2018 in 2019
|
Increase decrease to previous year 2019 in 2020
|
Increase decrease % to previous year 2018 in 2019
|
Increase decrease % to previous year 2019 in 2020
|
Total number of children screened at school and Anganwadi(7+8)
|
40477324
|
-132770212
|
28.24
|
-72.24
|
Number of Male children identified with Disease / 1000 screened
|
7.68
|
-1.46
|
32.70
|
-4.67
|
Number of Female children identified with Disease/ 1000 screened
|
7.90
|
-0.96
|
35.30
|
-3.18
|
Number of Male children identified with Deficiency/ 1000 screened
|
8.72
|
-4.10
|
110.07
|
-24.65
|
Number of Female children identified with Deficiency/ 1000 screened
|
-5.81
|
-0.04
|
-29.78
|
-0.26
|
Number of Male children identified with Developmental delay/ 1000 screened
|
-0.31
|
-0.21
|
-5.54
|
-3.93
|
Number of Female children identified with Developmental delay/ 1000 screened
|
-0.24
|
-0.43
|
-4.22
|
-7.84
|
Number of Children Managed by Intervention - Medical/ 1000 screened
|
19.59
|
-0.01
|
62.46
|
-0.02
|
Number of Children Managed by Intervention - Surgical/ 1000 screened
|
-0.36
|
0.13
|
-32.66
|
17.16
|
Early intervention at DEIC ( District Early Intervention Centre)/ 1000 screened
|
-0.61
|
2.20
|
-14.14
|
59.05
|
E. Number of Male/Female children identified with Disease / 1000 screened
Here it is important to note that B, C, and D section of Results are the sections which talks about the process and now we will discuss the output of this process in this section E, as well as in next sections F and G see table - 2. Additionally we know that in such studies the output is totally dependent on input (RBSK) and process. Hence getting reduced number of output during COVID-19 period 2020 is quite natural as the process results discussed in above section were reduced compared to pre-pandemic period of 2018 and 2019 see table 1,2,3,4,5.
The total number of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services were 3366832, 5729653 and 1516205 male as well as 3206560, 5563668 and 1495311 females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 70.18% and 73.51% increase in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Disease, screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centers under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 73.54% and (-) 73.12% decrease in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Disease, screened by RBSK services in 2020 COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, 4, 5 and figure 5 – A-B.
This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 23.49, 31.18 and 29.72 for males and 22.37, 30.27 and 29.31 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 5 A-B.
F. Number of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency/ 1000 screened
The total number of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services were 1134845, 3057340and 639507male as well as 2795549, 2517427and 696971 females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 (male) followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 169.41% increase and -9.95% decrease in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Deficiency, screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centers under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 79.08% and (-) 72.31% decrease in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Deficiency, screened by RBSK services in 2020 COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, 4, 5 and figure 6-A-B. This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 7.92, 16.64 and 12.54 for males and 19.51, 13.70 and 13.66 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 6- A-B.
G. Number of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay/ 1000 screened
The total number of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services were 804820,974983 and 260000male as well as 822175, 1009928 and 258361females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 (male) followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 21.14% increase and 22.84% increase in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Developmental delay, screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centers under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 73.33% and (-) 74.42% decrease in male and female number of children (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with Developmental delay, screened by RBSK services in 2020 COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, 4, 5 and figure 7-A-B.
This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 5.62, 5.30 and 5.10 for males and 5.74, 5.50 and 5.06 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 7- A-B.
H. Number of Children Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical/1000 screened
The total number of Children Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services were 4494646, 9364330 and 2598929 medical intervention as well as 157633, 136125, and 44271surgical intervention during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 (medical) followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 108.34% increase and -34.4% decrease in children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with any Ds, screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centers under RBSK services compared to 2018 and (-) 72.25% and (-) 67.48% decrease in children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 months to 18 years) respectively identified with any Ds requiring intervention (medical or surgical), screened by RBSK services in 2020, the COVID-19 era of study period compared to 2019 see table-1, 3, 4, 5 and figure 8-A-B.
This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 month to 18 years) for any Ds screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 31.36, 50.95 and 50.94 for medical and 1.10, 0.74 and 0.87 for surgical intervention during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, see table 5 and figure – 8- A-B. Here the researcher would like to emphasize that due to lack of data on Ds requiring medical and or surgical intervention the prevalence were calculated by taking into account the number of screenings to reduce the bias.
I. Early intervention at DEIC (District Early Intervention Centre)/ 1000 screened
The total number of Children Managed by Early intervention at DEIC (District Early Intervention Centre) (6 month to 18 years) out of screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services were 622949, 685948 and 302841during 2018-2019-2020 respectively which shows an increase during 2019 (medical) followed by sharp decline during 2020 the COVID-19 era of study period. During 2019 the study found 10.11% increase and -55.85% decrease in 2020 in children’s Managed by Early intervention at DEIC respectively identified with any Ds, screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centers under RBSK services see table-1, 3, 4, 5 and figure 9.
This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of children’s Managed by Early intervention at DEIC (6 month to 18 years) for any Ds screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Early intervention at DEIC (District Early Intervention Centre)/ 1000 screened children’s were 4.35, 3.73 and 5.94 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is increased during COVID-19 era is a good sign; see table 5 and figure – 9. Here the researcher would like to emphasize that due to lack of data on Ds requiring Early intervention at DEIC the prevalence were calculated by taking into account the number of screenings to reduce the bias.
Other analyses
Table-6- Comparison of total live birth and live birth male / female at public health facility during study period
Year
|
Total 2018
|
Total 2019
|
Total 2020
|
Live Birth - Male at public health facility
|
7779435
|
7748563
|
7236228
|
Live Birth - Female at public health facility
|
7236614
|
7243702
|
6770683
|
Total Live Birth at public health facility
|
15016049
|
14992265
|
14006911
|
An important observation during this research study is that total live birth, as well as lives of male and female birth at public health facilities, declined during the 2020 Covid-19 era as compared to the pre-pandemic era under study; see table-6 and figure-9.
Key results
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on total numbers of live birth as well as total live male and female births at public health facilities in India on an all India cumulative basis.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of newborn screened for defects at birth (as per RBSK) under RBSK services at public health facilities in India on an all India cumulative basis.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of children (6 month to 6 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Anganwadi center under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a negative impact on number of children (6 years to 18 years) screened by RBSK mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Disease (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 23.49, 31.18 and 29.72 for males and 22.37, 30.27 and 29.31 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 5 A-B.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Deficiency (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 7.92, 16.64 and 12.54 for males and 19.51, 13.70 and 13.66 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 6- A-B.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay (6 month to 18 years) screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Male/Female children identified with Developmental delay (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 5.62, 5.30 and 5.10 for males and 5.74, 5.50 and 5.06 for females during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is reduced during COVID-19 era is a good sign, see table 5 and figure – 7- A-B.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 month to 18 years) for any Ds screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of children’s Managed by Intervention – Medical and Surgical intervention (6 month to 18 years) / 1000 screened were 31.36, 50.95 and 50.94 for medical and 1.10, 0.74 and 0.87 for surgical intervention during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, see table 5 and figure – 8- A-B. Here the researcher would like to emphasize that due to lack of data on Ds requiring medical and or surgical intervention the prevalence were calculated by taking into account the number of screenings to reduce the bias.
- This novel cross sectional research study revealed that COVID-19 period 2020 had a less number of children’s Managed by Early intervention at DEIC (6 month to 18 years) for any Ds screened by RBSK services mobile health teams at Govt and Govt aided schools and Anganwadi centre under RBSK services in India on an all India cumulative basis. This is clearly due to less number of screenings done during the COVID-19 era. The prevalence of Early intervention at DEIC (District Early Intervention Centre)/ 1000 screened children’s were 4.35, 3.73 and 5.94 during 2018-2019-2020 respectively, is increased during COVID-19 era is a good sign; see table 5 and figure – 9. Here the researcher would like to emphasize that due to lack of data on Ds requiring Early intervention at DEIC the prevalence were calculated by taking into account the number of screenings to reduce the bias.