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Research article
Rosaria Isaya
Istituto Veterinario di Novara
Corresponding Author
License:
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Background
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a very resistant and highly contagious virus that infects domestic cats and other felids. FPV is particularly widespread among sheltered cats, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing a severe gastroenteritis characterized by anorexia, lethargy, fever, dehydration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and vomiting. No data is yet available on the ultrasonographic features of cats affected with FPV. This case series describes abdominal ultrasonographic findings in shelter cats with naturally occurring FPV and assesses if they are associated with clinical and laboratory findings. Cats affected by FPV were enrolled if an abdominal ultrasound was performed within 12 hours from diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory data as well as survival were collected from medical records. Ultrasonographic examinations were reviewed for gastrointestinal abnormalities and their associations with the above variables were explored.
Results
Twenty-one cats were included. Nine cats (43%) died and 12 (57%) recovered. Based on ultrasonography, duodenum and jejunum had thickening of the muscular layer in 42.8% and 57.1%, hyperechogenicity of the mucosa in 41.2% and 33.3%, respectively. Hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa was observed only in the jejunum, in 33.3% of cats. Survival was positively associated with increased jejunal mucosal echogenicity ( P =0.003) and hyperechoic mucosal band ( P =0.003). Peritoneal free fluid was positively associated with vomiting ( P =0.002) and negatively associated with thrombocytopenia ( P =0.005).
Conclusion
This study provides sonographic features of naturally-occurring FPV cats, that, as expected, are compatible with gastroenteritis; frequent findings were diffuse small intestine muscular layer thickening, hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa, and mucosal hyperechogenicity. At diagnosis, some sonographic features may be useful to assess the severity of the disease and survival.
Keywords
ultrasound, FPV, cat, gastrointestinal tract
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
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Submission checks complete
On 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 06 Dec, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 06 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 23 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Veterinary Research.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Rosaria Isaya
Istituto Veterinario di Novara
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 06 Dec, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 06 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 23 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
Background
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a very resistant and highly contagious virus that infects domestic cats and other felids. FPV is particularly widespread among sheltered cats, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing a severe gastroenteritis characterized by anorexia, lethargy, fever, dehydration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and vomiting. No data is yet available on the ultrasonographic features of cats affected with FPV. This case series describes abdominal ultrasonographic findings in shelter cats with naturally occurring FPV and assesses if they are associated with clinical and laboratory findings. Cats affected by FPV were enrolled if an abdominal ultrasound was performed within 12 hours from diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory data as well as survival were collected from medical records. Ultrasonographic examinations were reviewed for gastrointestinal abnormalities and their associations with the above variables were explored.
Results
Twenty-one cats were included. Nine cats (43%) died and 12 (57%) recovered. Based on ultrasonography, duodenum and jejunum had thickening of the muscular layer in 42.8% and 57.1%, hyperechogenicity of the mucosa in 41.2% and 33.3%, respectively. Hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa was observed only in the jejunum, in 33.3% of cats. Survival was positively associated with increased jejunal mucosal echogenicity ( P =0.003) and hyperechoic mucosal band ( P =0.003). Peritoneal free fluid was positively associated with vomiting ( P =0.002) and negatively associated with thrombocytopenia ( P =0.005).
Conclusion
This study provides sonographic features of naturally-occurring FPV cats, that, as expected, are compatible with gastroenteritis; frequent findings were diffuse small intestine muscular layer thickening, hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa, and mucosal hyperechogenicity. At diagnosis, some sonographic features may be useful to assess the severity of the disease and survival.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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