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Research article
Rosaria Isaya
Istituto Veterinario di Novara
Corresponding Author
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Background
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is very resistant and highly contagious and infects domestic cats and other felids. FPV is particularly widespread among sheltered cats, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing severe gastroenteritis characterized by anorexia, lethargy, fever, dehydration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and vomiting. There is currently no data on the ultrasonographic features of cats affected with FPV. This case series describes abdominal ultrasonographic findings in shelter cats with naturally-occurring FPV, and assesses whether are associated with clinical and laboratory findings. Cats affected by FPV were enrolled in the study if an abdominal ultrasound was performed within 12 hours of diagnosis. Clinical, laboratory and survival data were collected from medical records. Ultrasonographic examinations were reviewed for gastrointestinal abnormalities and their associations with the above data were explored.
Results
Twenty-one cats were included. Nine cats (42.9%) died and 12 (57.1%) recovered. Based on ultrasonography, the duodenum and jejunum showed thinning of the mucosal layer in 70.6% and 66.6% of cats, thickening of the muscular layer in 52.9% and 57.1% of cats, and hyperechogenicity of the mucosa in 41.2% and 33.3%. Jejunal hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa and irregular luminal surface were both observed in 33.3% of the cats. Survival was positively associated with increased jejunal mucosal echogenicity ( P =0.003) and hyperechoic mucosal band ( P =0.003). Peritoneal free fluid was positively associated with vomiting ( P =0.002).
Conclusion
This study provides ultrasonographic features of naturally-occurring FPV in cats, which, as expected, are compatible with gastroenteropathy. The most frequent findings were diffuse small intestine mucosal layer thinning, muscular layer thickening and mucosal hyperechogenicity, and jejunal hyperechoic mucosal band and irregular luminal surface. At diagnosis, ultrasonographic features may be useful to assess survival.
Keywords
ultrasound, FPV, cat, gastrointestinal tract
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View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
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On 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 06 Dec, 2020
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Posted 06 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
Version 2
Posted 31 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Mar, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Veterinary Research.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Rosaria Isaya
Istituto Veterinario di Novara
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 08 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 06 Dec, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 06 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Dec, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 03 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Version (no preprint)
Posted 02 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Dec, 2020
This version was not preprinted
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 24 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 17 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 11 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Nov, 2020
Version 2
Posted 31 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 14 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 12 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 07 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 27 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 02 Jul, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 16 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 26 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 17 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 13 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Veterinary Research.
Background
Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is very resistant and highly contagious and infects domestic cats and other felids. FPV is particularly widespread among sheltered cats, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing severe gastroenteritis characterized by anorexia, lethargy, fever, dehydration, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and vomiting. There is currently no data on the ultrasonographic features of cats affected with FPV. This case series describes abdominal ultrasonographic findings in shelter cats with naturally-occurring FPV, and assesses whether are associated with clinical and laboratory findings. Cats affected by FPV were enrolled in the study if an abdominal ultrasound was performed within 12 hours of diagnosis. Clinical, laboratory and survival data were collected from medical records. Ultrasonographic examinations were reviewed for gastrointestinal abnormalities and their associations with the above data were explored.
Results
Twenty-one cats were included. Nine cats (42.9%) died and 12 (57.1%) recovered. Based on ultrasonography, the duodenum and jejunum showed thinning of the mucosal layer in 70.6% and 66.6% of cats, thickening of the muscular layer in 52.9% and 57.1% of cats, and hyperechogenicity of the mucosa in 41.2% and 33.3%. Jejunal hyperechoic mucosal band paralleling the submucosa and irregular luminal surface were both observed in 33.3% of the cats. Survival was positively associated with increased jejunal mucosal echogenicity ( P =0.003) and hyperechoic mucosal band ( P =0.003). Peritoneal free fluid was positively associated with vomiting ( P =0.002).
Conclusion
This study provides ultrasonographic features of naturally-occurring FPV in cats, which, as expected, are compatible with gastroenteropathy. The most frequent findings were diffuse small intestine mucosal layer thinning, muscular layer thickening and mucosal hyperechogenicity, and jejunal hyperechoic mucosal band and irregular luminal surface. At diagnosis, ultrasonographic features may be useful to assess survival.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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