This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Yingze Zhang
Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Introduction: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and fifth most common of in China. Along with the outbreak of COVID-19, strict control measures to restrict people’s movement have been conducted in China. Subsequently, the injury mechanisms and pattern of traumatic fractures changed significantly. This study aimed to investigate the associations between COVID-19 and fracture risk, and provide a targeted reference for the world through China’s experience.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of a nationally representative sample of COVID-19 prevalence areas using stratified random sampling. The data of traumatic fracture sustaining patients, including age and sex, fractured sites, mechanism of injury, and concurrent fractures in selected hospitals, were collected from 10 January and 10 July, 2020. The epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures and the associations between COVID-19 and fracture risk were explored using the descriptive epidemiological methods and distribution lag nonlinear model.
Results: A total of 67,249 (52.3% males) patients (average age 49.4±19.4 years) with 68,989 fractures were included. The highest proportion of fractures were sustained to the tibia and fibula (14.9%), followed by the femur (13.6%), and ulna and radius (12.5%). Low-energy fractures accounted for 23.3%. With the increase of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases, fracture risk decreased for children, young and middle-aged adults, elderly men, high-energy fracture, and for residents in low and middle-prevalence areas.
Conclusion: Fracture risk decreased sharply in all residents except elderly women, low-energy fractures, and in high-prevalence areas when newly confirmed COVID-19 cases increased in China. Primary (home) prevention measures are emphasized to prevent traumatic fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords
COVID-19, pandemic, fracture, risk, distributed lag nonlinear model
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Suppementalfigure1.jpg
Supplementary Figure 1. Fracture risk-new confirmed COVID-19 relationships by subtype in China, (A) male, (B) female, (C) children, (D) young men, (E) young women, (F) elderly men, (G) elderly women, (H) high-prevalence area, (I) middle-prevalence area, (J) low-prevalence area, (K) limb fracture, (L) trunk fracture, (M) single fracture, (N) multiple fractures, (O) low-energy fracture, and (P) high-energy fracture. Note: A1-P1 showing fracture in the three-dimensional graphs, A2-P2 demonstrating fractures in two-dimensional contour plots and A3-P3 representing fractures in two-dimensional graphs.
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 08 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 02 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 28 Jan, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Learn more about our company.
This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Yingze Zhang
Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 08 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 02 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 28 Jan, 2021
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Introduction: Traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and fifth most common of in China. Along with the outbreak of COVID-19, strict control measures to restrict people’s movement have been conducted in China. Subsequently, the injury mechanisms and pattern of traumatic fractures changed significantly. This study aimed to investigate the associations between COVID-19 and fracture risk, and provide a targeted reference for the world through China’s experience.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of a nationally representative sample of COVID-19 prevalence areas using stratified random sampling. The data of traumatic fracture sustaining patients, including age and sex, fractured sites, mechanism of injury, and concurrent fractures in selected hospitals, were collected from 10 January and 10 July, 2020. The epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures and the associations between COVID-19 and fracture risk were explored using the descriptive epidemiological methods and distribution lag nonlinear model.
Results: A total of 67,249 (52.3% males) patients (average age 49.4±19.4 years) with 68,989 fractures were included. The highest proportion of fractures were sustained to the tibia and fibula (14.9%), followed by the femur (13.6%), and ulna and radius (12.5%). Low-energy fractures accounted for 23.3%. With the increase of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases, fracture risk decreased for children, young and middle-aged adults, elderly men, high-energy fracture, and for residents in low and middle-prevalence areas.
Conclusion: Fracture risk decreased sharply in all residents except elderly women, low-energy fractures, and in high-prevalence areas when newly confirmed COVID-19 cases increased in China. Primary (home) prevention measures are emphasized to prevent traumatic fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Loading...