Analysis of the Present Situation of the Cultivation of Scientific Research and Innovation Ability of Medical Students and Exploration of the Scientific Research Training Mode

Background to promote medical teaching reforms. Methods A total of 600 five-year clinical medicine majors (grades 16-18) of Bengbu Medical College (including those who did and did not participate in large-scale innovative projects) were studied by means of network questionnaires and interviews. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the results. Results Students generally hope to improve the teaching quality and teaching mode of scientific research; they have strong interest in scientific research and hope to conduct scientific research training in their spare time without affecting their studies. Moreover, students hope to improve the incentive policy for innovation and to optimize the funding for scientific research and the policy of laboratory opening. Conclusions Clinical medical students in our hospital attach great importance to the cultivation of scientific research ability, understand the problems faced by medical undergraduates in the process of innovative projects, and provide specific quantitative data for the reform of medical education modes to cultivate the innovative ability of medical students.


Abstract
Background To investigate the problems and countermeasures faced by five-year clinical medical students in an entrepreneurship training programme for medical students from different perspectives to promote medical teaching reforms.
Methods A total of 600 five-year clinical medicine majors (grades 16-18) of Bengbu Medical College (including those who did and did not participate in large-scale innovative projects) were studied by means of network questionnaires and interviews. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the results.
Results Students generally hope to improve the teaching quality and teaching mode of scientific research; they have strong interest in scientific research and hope to conduct scientific research training in their spare time without affecting their studies. Moreover, students hope to improve the incentive policy for innovation and to optimize the funding for scientific research and the policy of laboratory opening.
Conclusions Clinical medical students in our hospital attach great importance to the cultivation of scientific research ability, understand the problems faced by medical undergraduates in the process of innovative projects, and provide specific quantitative data for the reform of medical education modes to cultivate the innovative ability of medical students.

Background
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress. It is the responsibility of scientific research innovation in colleges and universities to improve students' quality and cultivate innovative talent through scientific research activities. How to train innovative talent at the undergraduate level of higher medical education has long been a concern of medical educators, but the scientific research value of higher medical education in China has not received due attention. The scientific research level of undergraduates is not high, and their scientific research consciousness is not strong. In 2010, the Medical Department launched an innovative experimental project for medical undergraduates that aims to "promote the cultivation of students' innovative spirit, team consciousness and practical ability, and improve students' ability to comprehensively use knowledge and research ability". The goal is to improve the scientific research ability of medical students. On this basis, our school has conducted a number of "great innovation" projects to guide the training of medical innovative talent [1], but room for improvement remains [3]. Taking students as the main body, this paper investigates the problems related to the development of innovative topics and desired countermeasures to provide data for training medical students and developing a new medical education model.

1.
A total of 600 students majoring in five-year clinical medicine (Grades 16-18) at Bengbu Medical College were divided into two groups: the large-scale innovation group and the non-large-scale innovation group.

2.
Research methods: Online questionnaires and interviews were used. The design and release of the network questionnaire and data collection are completed online, and each WeChat account is filled in anonymously once. The questionnaire focuses on the scientific research teaching mode, time arrangement, scientific research atmosphere, reward mechanism and experimental conditions from multiple perspectives. The goals of the interviews and research with the students, project instructors and managers in charge of the projects are to understand their views and provide suggestions for undergraduate participation in projects.

3.
Statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire was performed in Excel. The count data were expressed as the number of cases and percentage, and the comparison between groups was analysed by χ2 test (P < 0.05). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS23.0 statistical software. The interview data were analysed by descriptive statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 568 valid questionnaires were recovered, for a system", such as joint guidance of college and clinical teachers, and many preferred "assistance from members of the research group"; see Table 2 for details. and experiment execution (35.21% of students), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). See Table 3  willing to receive targeted training in the process of implementation: only 1.03% of the students rejected such training. A significant difference was observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). A total of 14.43% of the students in the major innovation group (17.65% in the non-major entrepreneurship group) were willing to sacrifice all their holidays, and 63.92% (56.15%) of the students were willing to sacrifice most of their holidays. The specific results are shown in Table 4 and  Table 5 for details.

The effect of classroom discussion teaching on the cultivation of interest in scientific research
A total of 81.44% of the students in the major innovation group (82.89% in the non-major innovation group) thought that discussion could stimulate students' enthusiasm to conduct scientific research, while 77.32% (70.59% in the non-major innovation group) thought that discussion could lead to improved thinking. More than 25% of the students in the two groups believed that discussion could stimulate students' interest and arouse their enthusiasm for learning.

4.
Reward mechanism 4.1 Measures to promote the development of large-scale innovative projects The innovation group preferred to increase the laboratory opening, and 35.29% of the students in the non-large-scale innovation group preferred to optimize the application process and conduct scientific research lectures for undergraduates. See figure 2 for details.

4.2
Regarding "whether you want to add to the scholarship programme or not", 91.75% of the 6 students in the innovation group did, and 75.4% of the students in the non-large innovation group held the same view, but 24.60% of the students disagreed. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01); see Table 6. courses can improve students' innovative thinking ability [4], which coincides with the psychological needs of our students. However, the lack of scientific research experience limits students' exploration 8 of scientific research to a certain extent.
More than 80% of students hope to continuously cultivate scientific research methods and thinking in practice under the guidance of teachers, which requires us to attach importance to practical teaching and to actively build a practical teaching system that is suitable for the cultivation of innovative talent in order to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. The teacher's guidance method is important in the process of cultivating students' innovative ability. When asked about "the teaching method of scientific research courses you want" and the desired "guidance mode" and "instructor arrangement", most of the students preferred teaching via practical projects and hoped that the teacher would participate in the project. During the interviews, the students also reported that communication with the instructor was not sufficiently frequent and that a lack of guidance at important stages hinders the establishment of scientific research thinking, causing students to become "simple experimenters". This result is contrary to the purpose of our innovation project. We urgently need to improve the communication frequency between teachers and students so that students can obtain detailed, comprehensive and in-depth guidance from mentors in the development of the project to cultivate scientific research ability.
Moreover, in terms of instructor arrangement, students very much hope to have a "double tutoring system" or "research group staff to help", especially students in hospital internships (usually during the summer vacation of sophomore year). These students find that it is very difficult for clinical teachers to give attention to both scientific research and clinical work, and the students hope that college teachers and clinical teachers can guide them together. Alternatively, full consideration should be given to the role of graduate students on the scientific research team. The "double mentor system" can strengthen communication between students and mentors, and "group help" can encourage group discussions and overcome limitations in thinking. The staffing arrangements of the two groups are gradually gaining wider recognition [5].
2. Rationalization of scheduling The survey results show that most of the students affirm the positive role of "great innovation" in their willingness to apply for large-scale innovation projects, but many non-large-scale innovation students believe that large-scale innovation will only increase their 9 academic burden. This perceived increased burden may be one of the reasons many students decline to apply for innovative projects. Medical courses and rotation arrangements are compact, and the actual time for scientific research is less abundant. Spare time is used to review courses and participate in scientific research training, and there is a certain degree of difficulty in this process.
Therefore, the reasonable arrangement of time spent on professional knowledge learning and scientific research training has become a primary problem to be solved. By means of the establishment of a long-term mechanism of scientific research practice, we can encourage and guide students who have spare time and interest to remain in the laboratory after school to engage in formal scientific research work, improve the summer scientific research programme, make experimental plans in advance, arrange experimental personnel, and strive for students to actively participate in early rotational training without neglecting the study of basic knowledge [6]. In an investigation of summer scientific research rotational training of medical students at Shanghai Jiaotong University, Luo Deng et al found that such training not only does not affect students' daily study but can also strengthen students' scientific research consciousness and skills in a short period of time. This training lays a foundation for students' comprehensive scientific research quality and innovation ability and improves medical students' scientific research thinking and thesis writing [7].
When asked about their "views of summer training rotation", more than 90% of the students in the two groups thought were very willing to participate in summer scientific research training without affecting their lives and were willing to spend most of their time on such training. This result indicates that students strongly support summer scientific research training.
3. The creation of scientific research atmosphere PBL, developed by the American scholar Barrows in 1969, emphasizes problem-centred, student-centred, autonomous and cooperative learning and effectively integrates curriculum learning and scientific research training [8]. However, case-based teaching combined with PBL teaching has not been applied to early scientific research training in China. Einstein once said: "interest is the best teacher, interest is always more important than responsibility". Focus on the cultivation of the academic atmosphere can start from the cultivation of interest. The questionnaire and interview data indicated that the two groups of students believe that the combination of the two models should be integrated into scientific research training and project development. On the one hand, students' interest in scientific research can be cultivated via a large number of examples in the classroom [9]. On the other hand, instructors can conduct organized symposiums and use discussion teaching in class. The four steps of "question-self-study-discussionsolution" can be used to fully mobilize students' subjective initiative and consult literature to understand the latest medical research information and stimulate students' interest in scientific research. Furthermore, collective discussion can stimulate students' creativity and create a strong atmosphere for scientific research [10].
4. Incentive mechanism to arouse students' enthusiasm Faced with the question of whether the largescale venture project can be used as a scholarship evaluation programme, the two groups of students had their own ideas. After coming into contact with literature reading and scientific research practice, many students realize that these practices will increase their study workload, which hinders the application of large-scale innovation projects. As teachers, we should not only inform students of the importance of participating in scientific research and how to arrange their time reasonably but also consider how to improve the enthusiasm of students to participate in scientific research and suggest that scientific research training should be included in the evaluation system. This measure can also increase students' attention to scientific research training. Moreover, spiritual and material affirmation can be awarded to teams, such as credit recognition, bonus points for research and protection, scholarship evaluation, etc. [11].
5. Broaden the experimental platform and integrate the experimental resources Many students hope to increase the laboratory opening time and hope that teachers or graduate students will be on duty for assistance and support. More than 30% of the students in the two groups want the laboratory to be open all day, and many students want to be able to make an appointment. The former believe that

Conclusions
In short, how to improve the scientific research and innovation ability of medical students is the focus of higher education research, and the cultivation of innovative talent is by no means an easy task, let alone a project that can be completed by training several students. However, through such research, educators can accumulate relevant experience and create a medical education model that is conducive to cultivating medical students' innovative ability. This process will play an important role in promoting the reform of medical personnel training.

Abbreviations
Dacheng:College students' entrepreneurship training program

2.Consent for publication Not applicable
3.Availability of data and materials The questionnaire and datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

4.Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests Students in the Dachang group think that they should be rewarded for their participation Rewards that the students in the non-Dachang Group think should be provided for participating in the Dachang 16 Figure 5 Views of the two groups on opening the laboratories to students Views on teachers or graduate students teachers being on duty for effective supervision and management 18 Figure 8 Thoughts of the two groups of students on the school's allocation of funds

Supplementary Files
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