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Background: A questionnaire assessing awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) was developed in the US and Germany. We validated the short form of the measure (AARC-10 SF) and the cognitive functioning subscale from the 50-item version of the AARC (AARC-50) questionnaire in the UK population aged 50 and over.
Methods: Data from 9,410 participants (Mean (SD) age= 65.9 (7.1)) in the PROTECT cohort were used to explore and confirm the psychometric properties of the AARC measures including: validity of the factor structure; reliability; measurement invariance across men and women, individuals with and without a university degree, and in middle age, early old age, and advanced old age; and convergent validity with measures of self-perception of aging and mental, physical, and cognitive health. We explored the relationship between demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education) and AARC.
Results: We confirmed the two-factor structure (gains and losses) of the AARC-10 SF and the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale. Both scales showed good reliability and good convergent validity for AARC losses, but weak convergent validity for AARC gains. For both scales metric invariance was held for the two subgroups defined by education level and age. For the AARC-50 subscale, but not for the AARC-10 SF, strong invariance was also held for the two subgroups defined by sex. Age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education predicted AARC gains and losses.
Conclusions: The AARC-10 SF and AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale identify UK individuals who perceive age-related changes in their mental, physical, and cognitive health.
Keywords
Subjective aging, Self-perceptions of aging, AARC-10 SF, Cognitive functioning
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Version 4
Posted 14 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 13 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 10 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 28 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 20 Mar, 2020
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Geriatrics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Version 4
Posted 14 Sep, 2020
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 13 Sep, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 10 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 26 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 04 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 28 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 24 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 29 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 09 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 20 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Geriatrics & Gerontology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Geriatrics.
Background: A questionnaire assessing awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) was developed in the US and Germany. We validated the short form of the measure (AARC-10 SF) and the cognitive functioning subscale from the 50-item version of the AARC (AARC-50) questionnaire in the UK population aged 50 and over.
Methods: Data from 9,410 participants (Mean (SD) age= 65.9 (7.1)) in the PROTECT cohort were used to explore and confirm the psychometric properties of the AARC measures including: validity of the factor structure; reliability; measurement invariance across men and women, individuals with and without a university degree, and in middle age, early old age, and advanced old age; and convergent validity with measures of self-perception of aging and mental, physical, and cognitive health. We explored the relationship between demographic variables (age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education) and AARC.
Results: We confirmed the two-factor structure (gains and losses) of the AARC-10 SF and the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale. Both scales showed good reliability and good convergent validity for AARC losses, but weak convergent validity for AARC gains. For both scales metric invariance was held for the two subgroups defined by education level and age. For the AARC-50 subscale, but not for the AARC-10 SF, strong invariance was also held for the two subgroups defined by sex. Age, sex, marital status, employment, and university education predicted AARC gains and losses.
Conclusions: The AARC-10 SF and AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale identify UK individuals who perceive age-related changes in their mental, physical, and cognitive health.
Figure 1
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