A total of 147 participants were contained, in five DTS type configurations including chevron (19.6%), window’s peak (16.2%), flat (22.3%), trapezoid (32.0%), and crescent (19.6%) were observed on MRI (Figure 3). Meanwhile, the age of the patients is associated with the DTS joint types (Table 1).
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants based on DTS type configurations (n=147).
|
Chevron
(n=29)
|
Widow’peak
(n=24)
|
Flat
(n=33)
|
Trapezoid (n=32)
|
|
Crescentic (n=29)
|
P
|
Age(year)
|
46.2 (11.7)
|
44.7 (13.4)
|
50.2 (17.3)
|
43.5 (13.6)
|
|
53.2 (11.4)
|
0.043
|
Height (cm)
|
165.0 (7.6)
|
165.5 (9.8)
|
163.2 (8.2)
|
163.0 (6.6)
|
|
161.3 (7.6)
|
0.318
|
Weight (kg)
|
63.8 (10.0)
|
64.2 (11.6)
|
60.8 (10.8)
|
61.3 (8.5)
|
|
60.8 (8.9)
|
0.534
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
23.4 (2.8)
|
23.3 (3.2)
|
22.7 (2.9)
|
23.1 (3.1)
|
|
23.4 (3.6)
|
0.906
|
Parameters for MRI and radiological measurement
Table 2 reveals the parameters for MRI and radiological assessment. The results of the tibiofibular distance and the angle among the anterior and the posterior facets of the fibular notch are presented as mean ± SD: a; 0.48 ± 0.18 cm (0.20 to 1.32 cm), b; 0.86 ± 0.25 cm (0.16 to 1.63 cm), c; 0.4 ± 0.15 cm (0.12 to 1.04 cm), angle; 138.8 ± 13.38 cm (100.3 to 174.1 cm). The measured values of radiological parameters were as follows: TAS; 88.26 ± 10.2 degrees (81.3 to 102.9 degrees), TTA; 87.83 ± 7.47 degrees (71.6 to 99.6 degrees), TT; 1.55 ± 10.2 degrees (0.0 to 11.6 degrees), TLS; 81.44 ± 3.54 degrees (72.5 to 89.5 degrees).
Table 2 The parameters for MRI and radiological assessment.
|
Mean (SD)
|
Range
|
|
Mean (SD)
|
Range
|
a (cm)
|
0.48 (0.18)
|
0.20, 1.32
|
TAS
|
88.26 (3.20)
|
81.3, 102.9
|
b (cm)
|
0.86 (0.25)
|
0.16, 1.63
|
TTA
|
87.83 (7.47)
|
71.6, 99.6
|
c (cm)
|
0.41 (0.15)
|
0.12, 1.04
|
TT
|
1.55 (1.70)
|
0.0, 11.6
|
Angle
|
138.8 (13.38)
|
100.3, 174.1
|
TLS
|
81.44 (3.54)
|
72.5, 89.5
|
The proportion of osteophytes, joint space narrowing, modified Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and the Takakura-Tanaka classification in each grade on X-ray were shown (Table 3). From a to c (Figure 3), it can be found that the severity in patients is mainly concentrated in the first and second grades, and the degree of joint space narrowing and the modified Kellgren-Lawrence grade is mostly concentrated in the second and third grades.
Table 3 The proportion of the modified Kellgren-Lawrence grade and the Takakura-Tanaka classification, osteophytes, joint space narrowing.
|
Kellgren-Lawrence grade
|
|
Takakura-Tanaka classification
|
|
Osteophytes
|
Joint space narrowing
|
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
|
17
74
51
5
|
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲa
Ⅲb
|
41
72
33
1
|
Normal
Mild
Moderate
Severe
|
1
102
42
2
|
15
76
51
5
|
Relationship between gender and left-right
For the gender and left-right differences in angle and parameters of ankle OA, the mean of males’ TAS, TTA and TLS were higher than that in female patients. Besides, The TAS with different genders was statistically significant (P = 0.008), and there was no statistical difference between the left and right foot’s angles (Table 4). There was a statistical difference in osteophyte and between different genders (P = 0.019), The modified Kellgren-Lawrence grades of different genders were statistically different (P = 0.041). And between the left and right foot’s angles has no statistical difference (Table 5).
Table 4 Gender and left-right differences in angle of ankle OA.
|
Male
|
Female
|
P-value
|
Left
|
Right
|
P-value
|
a (cm)
|
0.50(0.20)
|
0.45(0.17)
|
0.255
|
0.46(0.15)
|
0.50(0.20)
|
0.343
|
b (cm)
|
0.89(0.26)
|
0.81(0.23)
|
0.328
|
0.88(0.24)
|
0.84(0.26)
|
0.269
|
c (cm)
|
0.42(0.17)
|
0.40(0.13)
|
0.751
|
0.39(0.12)
|
0.44(0.18)
|
0.280
|
∠ABC
|
140.55(14.34)
|
136.29(11.22)
|
0.003
|
137.35(11.93)
|
140.29(14.47)
|
0.311
|
TAS
|
88.87(3.30)
|
87.38(2.83)
|
0.008
|
88.02(3.12)
|
88.45(3.28)
|
0.711
|
TEA
|
88.91(3.55)
|
87.64(3.64)
|
0.074
|
88.40(3.84)
|
88.54(3.60)
|
0.744
|
TT
|
1.44(1.68)
|
1.71(1.74)
|
0.096
|
1.54(1.84)
|
1.56(1.57)
|
0.419
|
TLS
|
81.46(3.46)
|
81.40(3.68)
|
0.886
|
81.09(3.70)
|
81.80(3.36)
|
0.347
|
Table 5 Gender and left-right differences in parameters of ankle OA.
|
P-value
|
|
Gender
|
Left-Right
|
Osteophytes
|
0.019
|
0.221
|
Space narrowing
|
0.055
|
0.504
|
Kellgren-Lawrence grade
|
0.041
|
0.437
|
Takakura-Tanaka classification
|
0.205
|
0.767
|
The relationship between types of DTS and ankle OA
Except for the TAS and TTA (especially TAS), there was no statistical difference between the DTS joint types and the grade and parameters of ankle OA. The summary of the results is shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Relationship between the types of DTS and ankle OA.
|
Angle
|
Osteophyte
|
Space narrowing
|
Grade
|
|
TAS
|
TTA
|
TT
|
TLS
|
Kellgren-Lawrence
|
Takakura-Tanaka
|
P value
|
0.009
|
0.014
|
0.140
|
0.307
|
0.056
|
0.224
|
0.180
|
0.509
|