Land degradation has made it difficult for people to make a living in Uganda, one of the world's poorest nations. Land degradation in Uganda poses a severe danger to rural populations' ability to support themselves. The primary natural resource used by humans for economic, social, infrastructure, and other human endeavors is land. Land resources are so crucial in determining rural livelihoods, and the absence of sustainable land management techniques results in land degradation. This study looked at the Kanungu district in southwestern Uganda in order to examine the relationship between land degradation and rural populations' ability to support themselves. Additionally, the factors that affect households in the study area's ability to diversify their sources of income are covered. The objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the causes of land degradation and its impacts on livelihoods, as well as possible solutions to the impacts of land degradation in Kanungu district. To achieve these objectives, the study used a cross-sectional research approach, where the information gathered reflects the state of affairs at a specific time, making it possible to gather insightful information quickly. Since a cross-sectional survey allows for the gathering of data using a range of techniques, a mixed method was used in this study, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. As a result, the study findings proved that there was a significant positive relationship between the effects of land degradation and the livelihoods of farmers (p 0.01, r =.530**) in Kanungu District, which suggests that adoption of new seed varieties which can withstand harsh climatic conditions, strengthening agricultural reforms, and agroforestry would improve the livelihoods of local farmers to improve their savings and production of quality crop products. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis was therefore accepted and it was concluded that "There is a significant relationship between land degradation and the livelihoods of farmers in Kanungu District." Hence, it can be concluded that land degradation significantly affects the livelihoods of farmers. It is also concluded that a majority of the participants agree that deforestation causes land degradation.