Old Well Temple·New Academic Garden—A Review of the History of Construction and Sustainable Development of UNC’s Old Well Temple

The Old Well Temple, which represents a kind of humanistic spirit rooted in the 18th century, is a symbol of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Due to the concern and protection of all walks of life for more than 200 years, the Old Well Temple, which is associated with traditional wisdom, is still alive today, inspiring generations of latecomers. As per the context of the current heritage protection, this paper reviews the sustainable processing of the historical and cultural heritage protection project. After analyzing its function and characteristics in the changes of social trends, campus planning and design, and architectural art language, the article believes that the Old Well Temple’s proportion is a combination of the Circle Square & Square Circle Pattern and the Vitruvian Man. It provides a reference for the theory and practice of conservation and sustainable development of the current historical and cultural heritage.


Introduction
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (abbreviated as UNC at CH) is known as the Paradise of the South for its beautiful natural and cultural landscape. As an iconic landmark of the UNC at CH campus, the Old Well Temple contains a strong, an eternal spiritual belief.
The Old Well Temple was built in such a very special historical period, which soon after the end of the American Civil War and the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln's terrible period. As per the context, the development of it can be divided into four important stages: ① 1793?-1856(a three floors wooden Bell Tower); ② 1856-1897 Oriental Pagoda Type Spire ; ③ 1897-1954 the Old Well Temple ; ④ 1954-now the new Old Well Temple , which is co-existent with the UNC at CH and they always sink or swim together. Nowadays, along with the deeply rooted in the concept of sustainable development, the Old Well Temple will also be renewed and the old tree sprouts. the previous generation. The purpose of this paper is to collect and analyze the architectural features and humanistic spirit of the Old Well Temple, reveal its development history, and explore its strategies for sustainable development and inheritance.

The origin of the Old Well Temple
Before the existing Old Well Temple, there were already several early structures on the site of the Old Well. A three-story wooden Bell Tower (Fig. 1) was originally erected, but it was unfortunately burned down in 1856[3](Allcott 1986). Since then, an Oriental Pagoda Type Spire has been built on the site of the Old Well and continues to perform its historical process (Fig. 2 left). It was not of Japanese design, but was an octagon, had a steep, pyramidal roof and eight wooden columns. Its style is very similar to that The Primitive Hut [5] (Laugier 1755) ( Fig. 2 right) proposed in Essay on Architecture published in 1753 by Marc-Antoine Laugier, whose way is to return to the origin of the architecture -the original house made of branches, and use it as the theoretical basis for natural and pure architecture [6] ( 2015). Similar to the Primitive Hut, the Old Well Temple with stable triangular roof structure, supported by eight wooden columns, can also be seen as the source of the UNC at CH's architecture, and the origin of life, knowledge, and faith. (p. 106). Lastly, Nelson Ikon Wu believes that the square is the entry into the world and is the world of man; the circle is the export of the world and is the world of nature. Between the square and the circle, between nature and human beings is a world where people and nature reach a balance [10] ( Wu 1963 In Alderman's day and in the century before, beauty with a capital B, which represents as an idea, an object, the desired goal in life, even a yearning for democracy, was a subject found in literature and the pictorial arts. He believed that beauty helped people keep a proper perspective on things. It is important to us that it is also a ready subject in treatises by landscape architects. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an architectural movement developed that was in favor of order and harmony in public buildings and spaces[1] (p. 57). Since the well was the only student union then on campus, it is very necessary to build a landmark building here. In such an era background, the whole well incident, the building of the little Temple, was a pitiful, yet beautiful, illustration of the way Democracy cries out for beauty to give it backbone-spiritual backbone-that will make it so strong that it can and will defy self-gratification, mobs, and red terrors[1] (p. 9). This is its strong vitality, reflecting its strong spiritual and humanistic values.   [11]; ② from [12]; ③ from [13]; ④ from [14]; ⑤ from [15]; ⑥ from [16] )    According to the analysis of the section of the Old Well Temple (Fig. 8 left), it can be seen that its  The most beautiful scenery on campus is when Alderman looked north from the first-floor window of the South Building and passed through the McCorkle Place (Fig. 9). Walkers often come upon the Old Well Temple at an angle. However, the Old Well Temple is always the center of the square for its round shape. The size of the space is well proportioned to the size of the masses around it. If space is larger, the unit might dissolve. Even worse, if the Temple is larger, the unit might harden; that is, the more the Old Well Temple approaches the size of Old East and Old West, the more tension, and therefore beauty, would be disappeared completely[1] (p. 84).

Discussion
The Old Well Temple is a much-loved symbol of happy college life for UNC at CH students. It is the meeting place for past, present, and future generations[1] (p. xix). To protect the Old Well Temple is to maintain a classical humanistic spirit, a spirit of academic freedom, and a spirit that continues history and moves toward the future. As long as the Old Well Temple is still there, the memory of UNC at CH teachers and students will exist, and this memory will also persist in the hearts of Chapel Hill people and even North Carolina people. It has become a collective unconscious in people's minds and does not disappear due to the passage of time. The Old Well Temple has become an eternal memory.
Therefore, the preservation and management of it are particularly important today.
The author believes that the protection of a successful historical and cultural heritage is guaranteed by the mechanism of the interaction between Money, Land and Talented [11]; ② from [12]; ③ from [13]; ④ from [14]; ⑤ from [15]; ⑥ from [16] )    The scene looking through the new Old Well Temple. Photographed on April 5, 2018.

Figure 6
The scene looking through the new Old Well Temple. Photographed on April 5, 2018.     The scene looking through the McCorkle Place. Photographed on April 5, 2018.

Figure 9
The scene looking through the McCorkle Place. Photographed on April 5, 2018.

Figure 9
The