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Plantar pressure sensors indicate women to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial of the foot compared to men
Yuichi Hoshino
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-8973
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.
Background: Sex-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of sex difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.
Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 women and 50 men) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index and gait speed.
Results: The movement of COP was constant for both sexes. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the medial of the foot. Women had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial aspect of the foot compared to men while standing and walking (p < .05).
Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy women as compared to men during standing and walking activities.
Keywords
Plantar pressure, In-shoe pressure sensor system, Sex difference, Center of pressure
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 16 Jun, 2020
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On 01 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 23 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Mar, 2020
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Subject Areas
Orthopedics
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This preprint is under consideration at Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
Plantar pressure sensors indicate women to have a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial of the foot compared to men
Yuichi Hoshino
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-8973
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 3
Posted 16 Jun, 2020
Published
On 01 Jul, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 23 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 15 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 14 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 12 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 05 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 19 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 29 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 01 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2020
First submitted
On 30 Mar, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 30 Mar, 2020
Editor invited
On 30 Mar, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Orthopedics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.
Background: Sex-related differences of plantar pressure distribution during activities should be thoroughly inspected as it can help establish treatment and prevention strategies for foot and ankle problems. In-shoe measurement systems are preferable without space and activity restrictions; however, previously reported systems are still heavy and bulky and induce unnatural movement. Therefore, a slim and light plantar pressure sensor was newly developed to detect the effect of sex difference on plantar pressure during standing and walking.
Methods: One-hundred healthy adult volunteers (50 women and 50 men) were recruited. Ten plantar pressure sensors were implanted in a 1-mm thick insole, with a total weight of 29 g. Plantar pressure was recorded with 200 Hz during 3 seconds of standing and while walking 10 steps. The maximum loads during standing and walking were analyzed in each sensor, and the results were compared between different areas of the foot in the antero-posterior direction and the medio-lateral direction and between different time points. The movement of the center of pressure (COP) during walking was also evaluated. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index and gait speed.
Results: The movement of COP was constant for both sexes. In all cases, the maximum load was observed on the medial of the foot. Women had a significantly higher peak pressure on the hallux, toes, forefoot, and medial aspect of the foot compared to men while standing and walking (p < .05).
Conclusions: A newly introduced in-shoe plantar pressure sensor demonstrated a typical loading transition pattern of the foot. Furthermore, higher plantar pressure in the forefoot was detected in healthy women as compared to men during standing and walking activities.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4