Synchronising the Implementation of Simultaneous General Elections with the National Development Planning 2025 – 2045

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2087992/v1

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Synchronising the Implementation of Simultaneous General Elections with the National Development Planning 2025 – 2045

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2087992/v1

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Simultaneous general elections have a lousy tendency by several people but do not see a large future impact on national development planning in 2025–2045. The purpose of this article is to present a new perspective on viewing simultaneous general elections by linking national development planning as a future impact on public welfare. This research is qualitative by using a statute approach in comparing laws and regulations that change in each period of simultaneous general elections and synchronising laws and regulations with national development planning. The conceptual approach is the basis for the author to conceptualise the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections to national development planning in the RPJPN 2025–2045. The research results from this article show three outlines: First, the impact of simultaneous general elections results in harmony in the implementation of national development planning. Second, synchronising simultaneous general elections to national development planning eliminates the disparities between regions that occur in Indonesia. Third, the synchronisation results, as discussed, will produce a gradual welfare state in 2025–2045.

Synchronisation

Simultaneous General Elections

National Development Planning

Indonesia's future will be determined by changes in the strategic environment that have positioned the country as an arena of dynamic exchange of ideologies, values, and social practices, as well as the products of modernity. (Abdullah et al., 2019, p. 102). Changes in Indonesia's future can be through the transformation of social practices towards implementing simultaneous general elections, which are always considered harmful. In fact, through simultaneous general elections, transferring power is guaranteed to be safer and more effective in reducing chaos (Furqoni, Danti, & Ningrum, 2022, p. 11). Ensuring trust in the election process that is professionally organised in line with normative and agreed democratic principles and relevant legal standards (Partheymüller, Müller, Rabitsch, Lidauer, & Grohma, 2022, p. 2). If the general election is synchronised with the implementation of national development planning, it will gradually create national prosperity from 2025 to 2045. This general election is always said to be the most complicated election ever, but this has a positive impact on the wheels of national development planning.

Previous studies related to simultaneous general elections generally have a terrible tendency. As long as national development planning exists in Indonesia, studies conducted by academics only revolve around the dynamics of policy and implementation in Indonesia (Reza Hariyadi, 2021) (Septaviana & Razak, 2022). Destructive tendencies built by the community and unscrupulous individuals do not seriously see the impact of the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections on national development planning in stages in 2025–2045. Several experts have stated destructive tendencies towards simultaneous general elections that they are not practical due to pandemic conditions Covid-19, and voters have the potential to be not careful in mapping the candidates to be elected because the elections (7 ballot boxes) are carried out at one time. (Noviani, 2022; Puspita, 2022; Tajaswari & Asmorojati, 2021) From the existing literature, it tends to show an unfavourable tendency toward simultaneous general elections, as well as studies related to development planning that are general discussing policies and dynamics, thus ignoring the long-term impact of holding simultaneous elections.

The purpose of this article is to present another perspective in looking at the simultaneous general election, which is considered bad by previous studies. The general election is not only identical with the issue of the elite of the elected executive and legislative candidates but how the incursum Etiam in posterum of its implementation is synchronised with Indonesia's grand design in the National Long Term Development Plan (RPJPN). Therefore, this article aims to answer three questions; first, how the alignment of the National Development Planning System through Simultaneous Elections is; second, how disparities between regions in the national development planning process are synchronised through the 2024 simultaneous general elections; third, how is the transformation of welfare improvement because of synchronising national development planning through simultaneous elections. The answer to these problems or questions is not only to provide knowledge to the public regarding the implementation of simultaneous elections that are in sync with the RPJMN but also to socialise the Government's program as a transformation of the bad tendencies of the simultaneous general elections that some Indonesians believe.

The negative perspective of implementing the 2024 simultaneous general election must be considered. The public needs to know the impact of its implementation on the national development planning for 2025–2045. The obstacles to implementing the 2004–2024 national development plan will be reduced after the implementation of the simultaneous general election. According to the plan, the positive impact of the development will be felt in the RPJPN 2025–2045. The alignment of simultaneous general elections with national development planning will reduce the main obstacles in the RPJPN 2004–2024. The disparities between regions that occur due to the non-optimal implementation of the RPJPN 2004–2024 will not be repeated in the RPJPN 2025–2045. In addition, after the simultaneous general elections, the improvement in the nation's welfare will be felt as a result of its synchronisation with national development planning. Thus, simultaneous general elections are a solution to eliminating obstacles to national development planning in the past period.

2.1 General Election

The general election is participation in the election of voting rights for candidate leaders (Sturgis & Jennings, 2020). In line with this, Paendong said that the general election is a simultaneous election conducted at the local and national levels, such as choosing the governor, regent/mayor, provincial DPRD, regency/municipal DPRD, President, DPR, and DPD accompanied by a time lag of 24–30 hours between the General Election at the national level and the General Election at the local level (Paendong, 2021). General Elections, in their position in the electoral administration court, are given the authority as an institution that can make decisions on the occurrence of electoral administrative violations (Muzahhirin, 2018). General elections always follow the administrative law system to find out and analyse laws and regulations, both election laws and laws on state administrative courts. (Muzahhirin, 2018). In other words, a general election is an election of a candidate for a leader conducted by a group or Government to determine the voting rights they want. Arniti said that the socialisation of political participation was the most important part of the general election (Arniti, 2020). Political participation is usually done through voting, protest, support for referendums and deliberative forms (Zaslove, Geurkink, Jacobs, & Akkerman, 2021).

Theocharis and colleagues revealed that one of the most prominent places for citizen involvement today is participation that relies on online means (Theocharis, de Moor, & van Deth, 2021). This political participation plays a role in facilitating general elections in each country. Meesuwan revealed that the internet, as part of information and communication technology, provides citizens with access to information and allows them to interact with others in online communities. This can increase the political potential of users by reducing costs and resource restrictions. (Meesuwan, 2016). Sairambay argues that online political action must be accepted as an integral part of political participation if it meets all the phenomenal criteria (Sairambay, 2020). In other words, political participation, whether using online voting rights or applying according to election needs, is very much needed in general election participation in the country.

2.2 National Development

The term national development is known as the foundation of development in Indonesia. National development aims to distribute the welfare of the Indonesian people in all regions, which is clearly stated in the state constitution and state constitution (Hastangka & Budiman, 2020). In achieving successful national development, the Government seeks to cooperate with other countries that have succeeded in developing countries, such as China. Sinaga (2018) explained that the cooperation was aimed at maintaining the continuity of development from both parties (both Indonesia and China). According to Sinaga, Indonesia must be smart in taking advantage of opportunities if it cooperates with China because it will benefit national development. The pattern of national development in China is strongly influenced by government regulations governing tax issues in China. According to Lv & Zhang (2022), China develops its national development by focusing on taxes as state revenue. Indonesia is also implementing the same through cooperation with China to achieve national development (Janges & PANGESTU, 2021). In addition to regulating the pattern of Government for good economic control, national development also plays a role in managing the country's needs for essential things such as the environment and natural resources (energy) produced and used by the community. (Tobing, Pane, & Siregar, 2021).

Mahadiansar et al., in their research, explain that national development is influenced by four alternative focuses that are considered to contribute to national development. The four alternative focuses are referred to as the 4 national development models (Mahadiansar, Ikhsan, Sentanu, & Aspariyana, 2020), among others: First, improving the economy through the development of human resources, poverty alleviation as a model for the development of basic needs, community development starting from the individual, and community development realised in the regional Government. Indriani (2019), in his research, explicitly describes national development as seen from the economic aspect. According to him, good economic development is seen from the rate of economic growth, which is determined by the investment and inflation of a country. National growth in the economic sector is also described in detail by Hu et al. (2022), linking the movement of the country's economy with the national bank. Indonesia's national development must continue and develop following the needs of human life in the future (Yorisca, 2020). Sustainable national development is strongly supported by a strong and loyal form of Government in regulating the community's welfare. Therefore, elections to elect state and local stakeholders (Government) in Indonesia must be maximised and have a positive impact on the fate of national development in the future. (Arauf & Shaleh, 2021).

2.3 Public Welfare

The welfare of society is central to promoting ethical responsibility among engineers and enhancing the capacity of engineers to serve the public interest (Niles, Contreras, Roudbari, Kaminsky, & Harrison, 2020). Kun and Linsheng describe that community welfare is community welfare-oriented management that makes the behaviour of different stakeholders the main object of management. Management focuses on maximising the positive externalities of the related behaviour and minimising the negative externalities. (Kun & Linsheng, 2021). In line with this, Mulia said that increase community participation in implementation and supervision would impact the community's welfare (Mulia, 2019). In the organisational system, public welfare promoting social support is one of the Government's influences to create a conducive welfare organisation (Min, 2021). In other words, the welfare of the people is the main object of management in improving the welfare of the state.

Community welfare can be implemented in several categories based on community needs and state conditions. Several countries show that the community's welfare can be reflected in the city's layout, which is managed well by the Government (Lin, Chan, & Chiang, 2022). Lin et al., in their writings and research, explain that the welfare of the community is very dependent on institutional procedures (stakeholders at the state and local level) that aim to serve the welfare goals achieved through public services. In addition, the implementation of community welfare will also be seen if the Government can overcome ecological problems and adjust to the community's economic interests (Zhang et al., 2022). In managing the community's welfare, the Government must also be alert to changes in conditions and situations that occur unexpectedly, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. The category of social welfare that must be considered in a pandemic is economic growth which must be balanced (Sanggoro, Alisjahbana, & Mohamad, 2022). Menurut Sanggoro et al., (2022).

Simultaneous general elections as the object of study will be analysed in the future and linked to national development planning as regulated in the SPPN Law. Support from the community and academics is needed to succeed in the simultaneous general election; this has a significant positive impact after implementation. This qualitative research uses a statue approach in comparing laws and regulations that change in each period of simultaneous general elections and synchronising laws and regulations with national development planning (Kelsen, 2017). The conceptual approach is the basis for the author to conceptualise the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections to national development planning in the RPJPN 2025–2045 (Clayton & Radcliffe, 2018).

Qualitative data related to the design of the alignment of the national development planning system through simultaneous general elections are compiled by describing a map of the government structure juxtaposed with the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections and the pattern of the national development planning system. The table of disparities between regions is compiled using a compilation pattern with data sources presented on the website of the General Elections Commission (KPU). All data will be analytically descriptively to explain the positive impact of synchronising the simultaneous general election with national development planning.

4.1 Alignment of the National Development Planning System through Simultaneous Elections

Holding simultaneous elections will produce harmony in the wheels of national development planning in Indonesia. Simultaneous elections are a solution to the obstacles to the national development planning process in the 2007 RPJPN Law regime, which is not supported by simultaneous general elections.

The system promulgated through the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of 2004 concerning the National Development Planning System (UU SPPN) will be synchronised with the implementation of the 2024 simultaneous general election. The National Development Planning System consists of 3 types that go hand in hand, the 20-year long-term plan (RPJPN), 5-year medium-term plan (RPJMN & RPJMD), and 1-year short-term plan (RKA-KL & RKPD). First, after the elected President and Vice President are inaugurated, the RPJMN derivative of the Phase 1 RPJPN will immediately be ratified through law as a guide for all local governments to carry out development planning. Second, after the Governor and Deputy Governor are inaugurated by the President, they are obliged to complete the Provincial Kindergarten RPJMD within a maximum of 6 months as a guide for the Regional Government at the Regency and City Levels to carry out regional development planning following their axis. Third, after the inauguration of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor or Regent and Deputy Regent by the Governor, they are obliged to prepare the District/Municipal Tk RPJMD with a deadline of 6 months as a guide for SKPD to implement planning development every year. This shows that the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections will positively impact national development planning from 2025 to 2045.

Before the simultaneous general election was proposed to be held on February 14, 2024, there were several obstacles to implementing the national development planning. It is not certain that the Regional Heads at the Provincial level will be elected one year after the election of the President, not to mention the Regional Heads at the City/Regency level; how is it possible for the National Development Planning System as outlined in the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) to be passed down to the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) stage. RPJMN) can run optimally to the regions of the Regional Head itself cannot be harmonised with the schedule for the Regional Head Election. Since making the Medium-Term Regional Short-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) requires a maximum period of 6 months, what if the elected Regional Head is sworn in at the end of the President's leadership? Which RPJMN will the Regional Head follow? Could the Regional Head continue to follow the development direction of the old President or follow the new elected President (Dirkareshza, 2018, p. 93). Based on the picture shown, it can be concluded that the post-concurrent general election will be a turning point for the alignment of national development planning through long, medium and short-term development plans.

4.1 The disappearance of disparities between regions in national development planning through the 2024 simultaneous general elections

Aligning the wheels of the national development planning system supported by simultaneous general elections can eliminate disparities between regions in Indonesia, both at the provincial and district/city levels. This simultaneous national election encourages the creation of policy-based coalitions because elections also require solid political parties and adequate resilience in representing the community's interests and offering policy options to demonstrate their ability toward the common good. (Thohari, 2012, p. 580). Policy-based coalitions eliminate disparities in development planning that are hampered by the gradual selection of Provincial and Regency/City Regional Heads.

Table 1

Disparities in the Implementation of General Elections in 2004–2024
Period	Legal basis	Disparity forms
2004 General Election	1. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2003 concerning General Election of President and Vice President	.2005								2006										2007										2008
		G			M	R				G	M					R				G		M		R						G		M		R
	3. Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2003 concerning General Elections of Members of the People's Representative Council, Regional Representative Council, and Regional People's Representative Council into Law	7			32	174				7		11				60								1					5			6		7
	4. Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government	7			32	174				7		11				60								1					5			6		7
2009 General Election	1. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 42 of 2008 concerning General Election of President and Vice President	2010								2011											2012							2013
		G	M				R			G				M			R				G		M		R			G			M		R
	3. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 27 of 2009 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 2008 concerning General Elections for Members of the People's Representative Council, Regional Representative Council, and Regional People's Representative Council Become a Law	G	M				R			G				M			R				G		M		R			G			M		R
		7	25				66										2				7		16		35			16			32		93
	5. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2008 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government	7	25				66										2				7		16		35			16			32		93
2014 General Election	1. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 42 of 2008 concerning General Election of President and Vice President	2015							2016										2017									2018
		G		M				R	G						M			R	G				M			R		G			M			R
	3. Law Number 8 of 2012 concerning General Election of Members of the People's Representative Council, Regional Representative Council, and Regional People's Representative Council	G		M				R	G						M			R	G				M			R		G			M			R
		9		37				224											7				18			77		17			39			115
	5. Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors	9		37				224											7				18			77		17			39			115
2019 General Election	1. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections	2020
	2. Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors	G											M													R
		9											38														224
General Election 2024	1. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections	Held simultaneously on 14 – February – 2024
General Election 2024	2. Law Number 10 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors	Held simultaneously on 14 – February – 2024
Source: author's compilation, 2022
Explaining the Code:
G = Governor
M = Major
R = Regent

The economic growth of each region can be measured by statistical data, which can be realised through a National Development Planning aligned from the National Level to the Level II Regional Level. Economic disparities between existing regions are part of development that is very common in economic activity in a region. The disparity or gap here will occur due to inconsistencies (differences) in the content of natural resources or inconsistencies in the demographic conditions in each region. This difference causes a region's performance to vary in encouraging the development process (Nazipawati, 2019, p. 26).

RPJPN, RPJMN and RPJMD as Legal Instruments in Legal Development are tiered from the National Level to the Level II Regional Level, which function to encourage more optimal development planning. However, it turns out that there are obstacles in the bureaucracy, which in its implementation cannot be relied on, and the political will of parties outside the Government to support it. In addition, the President was elected in 2014, and the RPJMN will be ratified in 2015; Regional Heads from the levels of Governors, Mayors to Regents are not necessarily elected in 2016 or 2017, and maybe the decision makers are not necessarily in line with the year of leadership, let alone the position of the party which is not necessarily in line with the vision mission of the President-elect. This will lead to disparities in national development planning, but this has been optimised by aligning the axis of executive and legislative policymakers through simultaneous general elections. The synergy of development planning is carried out by combining planning that is "from top to bottom" (top-down) and "from bottom to top" (bottom-up). (MacAndrews & Amal, 1995, p. 24). The disparity in central government policies will disappear with good and consistent planning; equitable development in all regions will support the improvement of the welfare of each region.

4.1 Improved welfare as a result of synchronous national development planning

Simultaneous general elections are a solution in aligning the National Development Planning System, Synchronising National Development Planning without political obstacles; the periodisation of regional head elections will positively impact the RPJPN 2025–2045. Planning activities will depend on the timing. As mentioned above, the shift in the timing of budget approval will have implications for the shift in the implementation of activities which, in the end, will also affect the use of budgeting (Yulianti, 2021). In addition, the inauguration time is the initial start for the elected regional heads and deputy regional heads to (a) synergise central and regional policies and (b) synchronise regional governance, starting from planning, implementation, control, to assessment. Effectiveness of local Government (governability), (c) effectively running the wheels of local Government, and (d) measuring the effectiveness of local Government and achievements simultaneously so that the effectiveness and achievements of all regions nationally can be known (Seran, 2019, p. 673), (e) Implementation of national development planning by absorbing the aspirations of community needs through bottom up and top down through the synchronised RPJPN, RPJPD, RPJMN and RPJMD.

In the 2016–2045 period, the Indonesian economy can grow 5.7 percent per year by continuing to carry out structural reforms, taking advantage of the demographic bonus and technological advances, and increasing economic competitiveness. Indonesia is expected to become high-income by 2036 and the fifth largest GDP by 2045. High and inclusive economic growth will increase the number of middle-income classes to around 70 percent of Indonesia's population by 2045 (Bappenas, 2019).

The series of trials of the executive and legislative governments in organising general elections to produce the best formulation will bear fruit. The pros and cons of holding the simultaneous general elections on 14 - February − 2024 should be muted by looking at the axis of development planning that will harmonise without obstacles. The Long Term Plan will run according to the 4 stages that have been prepared. Medium Term Plans can be planned and realised without significant time differences and difficulties for local level executives. Short-term plans have been aligned from the central to regional levels, which no longer confuse regional level bureaucrats or Regional Government Work Units (SKPD)—compiled from 2025 to 2045.

The RPJMN will be ratified through an Act no later than 6 months after the inauguration of the elected President and Vice President. This is revealed as the Work Plan and Budget of the State Ministries/Institutions (RKA-KL), which will be ratified no later than 6 months after the RPJMN is published. The RPJMD will be ratified through Provincial and Regency/City Regional Regulations, respectively, no later than 6 months after the Governor, Mayor and Regent are inaugurated by the President. The RPJMD will be reduced to the Regional Government Work Plan (RKPD) and the Regional Work Unit Work Plan (Renja SKPD) for the short/annual term (Hudi, 2018, p. 110). Thus, the alignment of this planning can produce right-on-target development to realise the nation's welfare. Suppose simultaneous elections can be run without changes. In that case, the RPJPN can be harmonised with the RPJPD implemented through the RPJMN and RPJMD promptly without any obstacles in the election of Provincial Heads and Regency/City Regional Heads every year, as shown in data in Table 1.

Vox Populi, Vox Dei means the voice of the people is the voice of God or the divine (Rosillo-López, 2017). The voice of "the people" in society is the voice of the collective power of society, opinions that act as needles and threads through our hearts and minds in the form of aspirations and stories that will bind the whole as a community (Enoch, 2018, p. 77). Election procedures legitimise political power and build consensus between the Government and the people. Recognition by the society of the legitimacy of power is the most reliable foundation of this consensus on which modern states and ancient polis states are built. (Smorchkov, Fedorchenko, & Shkarenkov, 2020, p. 77). This argument strengthens that the Indonesian people's strength will determine the success of simultaneous general elections and the nation's welfare. If the entire community can succeed in the simultaneous general elections, then the national development planning will proceed according to its axis towards the vision targeted in the RPJPN 2025–2045.

Table 1 shows that there are differences in the timing of the election of the President and Vice President, Regional Heads at the Provincial, Regency and City levels which cause the planning wheels to be synchronised. This synchronisation will lead to the failure to achieve the national development goals designed in the RPJPN 2004–2024. The success of national development is an aggregation of the success of regional development. Therefore, policy synergy through communication forums and coordination with consultations between the centre and the regions must be maintained and improved to maintain the development momentum. The utilisation of APBN and APBD, as well as other legitimate sources, must be truly effective in implementing policies, programs and activities following established development priorities. (Bappenas, 2012).

Synchronising simultaneous general elections to national development planning positively impacts the future. Potential to minimise conflicts between parties or party supporters. Conflicts are no longer prolonged throughout the year, so it is easier to handle from a conflict management perspective (Nabila, 2021). Simultaneous general elections positively correlate with strengthening the presidential in Indonesia (Prasetyoningsih, 2014, p. 25). The synergy of the executive and legislative authorities will realise the synchronisation of simultaneous general elections towards development planning according to the 2045 target, namely the nation's welfare. The nation's welfare in question is following the statistical data in Fig. 2.

Implementation of simultaneous elections in the view of the Constitutional Court based on the decision of the Constitutional Court (MK) No. 13/PUU-XI/2013 that Article 22E paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia if interpreted with the original intent, the implementation of the Presidential election which is held after the legislative election is a form of deviation.(Fitri & Setiadi, 2022, p. 81). This strengthens the implementation of simultaneous elections, but there are still several parties who are against the implementation of simultaneous elections, including the first problem regarding the dynamics of postponing the elections, which will be held in 2024 for 271 regions whose terms of office will end in 2022 and 2023. (Kelibay, Boinauw, Rosnani, & Kalagison, 2022, p. 179). The second problem is that because the 2024 general election and local elections are held amid a pandemic, in preparing the budget, also pay attention to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)(Ardianto, 2021). The third problem is the high workload of election administrators (Prayoga, 2022). All problems from a counter perspective cannot be blamed. However, if the simultaneous election is successfully implemented, it will positively impact the future, especially in the national development planning 2025–2045.

To eliminate the bad tendencies that have developed in the community, apart from an accommodative approach, it also involves all elements of the Government from the central, regional and local levels. In addition, the support for this simultaneous election program requires cooperation between all stakeholders; executive, legislative and judicial. In this case, BAPPENAS, as the compiler of the RPJPN and RPJMN, is obliged to carry out socialisation related to the positive impact of synchronising simultaneous general elections on national development planning as a form of mediation to all Indonesian people who are against the implementation of the 2024 simultaneous general elections, which is considered synonymous with political content. Thus, synchronising simultaneous general elections through national development planning can be carried out sustainably.

Simultaneous elections which have been considered bad by several people cannot be fully justified. This article shows that the determination of the implementation of simultaneous elections is in the interests of long-term development. It can be seen from Indonesia's GDP per capita that it can create public welfare through synchronising simultaneous general elections to national development planning in stages in 2025–2045. This article shows that implementing simultaneous general elections can eliminate the disparities between regions that occur in implementing the RPJPN Year 2025–2045. National development planning constrained by electoral disparities Table 1 is an obstacle to achieving national development planning targets. Therefore, simultaneous general elections synchronised with development planning become a projection for achieving a prosperous Indonesia.

This article compares previous studies, which tend to have a bad tendency towards holding simultaneous general elections. The expected contribution in this study provides another perspective in viewing the simultaneous elections, which have so far been judged from a negative point of view without projecting the incursum Etiam in posterum. Therefore, this paper provides a new perspective in examining simultaneous general elections from the point of view of national development planning by providing a structured conception.

Despite all the conceptions offered, this article still has limitations in data, which only captures the strategic plans issued by the Government, not seeing the objective conditions perceived by the public. Likewise, the concept used only relies on a synchronisation approach conceptually, not contextually. Therefore, further research is still needed that accommodates the various perspectives of the community, given the complex dynamics of the society in Indonesia. In addition, the scope of the implementation of the national development planning to the village government level. In line with this, further research is needed that accommodates the continuity of national development planning from the central Government to the village government level to support sustainable development.

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Synchronising the Implementation of Simultaneous General Elections with the National Development Planning 2025 – 2045

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Abstract

Figures

1. Introduction

2. Literature Review

2.1 General Election

2.2 National Development

2.3 Public Welfare

3. Method

4. Results

4.1 Alignment of the National Development Planning System through Simultaneous Elections

4.1 The disappearance of disparities between regions in national development planning through the 2024 simultaneous general elections

4.1 Improved welfare as a result of synchronous national development planning

5. Discussion

6. Conclusion

References

Additional Declarations

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