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Research article
Tetsuo Gotoh
Ryutsu Keizai University: Ryutsu Keizai Daigaku
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-7065
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Evolution of reproductive isolation is an important process, generating biodiversity and driving speciation. To better understand this process, it is necessary to investigate factors underlying reproductive isolation through various approaches but also in various taxa. Previous studies, mainly focusing on diploid animals, supported the prevalent view that reproductive barriers evolve gradually as a by-product of genetic changes accumulated by natural selection by showing a positive relationship between the degree of reproductive isolation and genetic distance. Haplodiploid animals are expected to generate additional insight into speciation, but few studies investigated the prevalent view in haplodiploid animals. In this study, we investigate whether the relationship also holds in a haplodiploid spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher).
Results
We sampled seven populations of the mite in the Palaearctic region, measured their genetic distance (mtDNA) and carried out cross experiments with all combinations. We analyzed how lack of fertilization rate (as measure of prezygotic isolation) as well as hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility (as measures of postzygotic isolation) varies with genetic distance. We found that the degree of reproductive isolation varies among cross combinations, and that all three measures of reproductive isolation have a positive relationship with genetic distance. Based on the mtDNA marker, lack of fertilization rate, hybrid female inviability and hybrid female sterility were estimated to be nearly complete (99.0–99.9% barrier) at genetic distances of 0.475–0.657, 0.150–0.209 and 0.138–0.204, respectively.
Conclusions
The prevalent view on the evolution of reproductive barriers is supported in the haplodiploid spider mite we studied here. According to the estimated minimum genetic distance for total reproductive isolation in parent population crosses in this and previous studies, a genetic distance of 0.152–0.210 in mtDNA (COI) appears required for speciation in spider mites. Due to a lack of hybrid males, we could not address Haldane’s rule, which can be extended to haplodiploids, even though we focused on a young diverging group of spider mites. Our results highlight the importance of cytonuclear interactions for reproductive isolation in haplodiploid spider mites.
Keywords
genetic distance, haplodiploidy, hybrid sterility, reproductive isolation, speciation, spider mite
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 10 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 Jul, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 25 May, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 May, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 06 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 04 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 23 Dec, 2020
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A new preprint design is coming!
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Ecology and Evolution. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Tetsuo Gotoh
Ryutsu Keizai University: Ryutsu Keizai Daigaku
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9108-7065
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 10 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 06 Jul, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 25 May, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 11 May, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 May, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 26 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 31 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 06 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 04 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 23 Dec, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Evolution of reproductive isolation is an important process, generating biodiversity and driving speciation. To better understand this process, it is necessary to investigate factors underlying reproductive isolation through various approaches but also in various taxa. Previous studies, mainly focusing on diploid animals, supported the prevalent view that reproductive barriers evolve gradually as a by-product of genetic changes accumulated by natural selection by showing a positive relationship between the degree of reproductive isolation and genetic distance. Haplodiploid animals are expected to generate additional insight into speciation, but few studies investigated the prevalent view in haplodiploid animals. In this study, we investigate whether the relationship also holds in a haplodiploid spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher).
Results
We sampled seven populations of the mite in the Palaearctic region, measured their genetic distance (mtDNA) and carried out cross experiments with all combinations. We analyzed how lack of fertilization rate (as measure of prezygotic isolation) as well as hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility (as measures of postzygotic isolation) varies with genetic distance. We found that the degree of reproductive isolation varies among cross combinations, and that all three measures of reproductive isolation have a positive relationship with genetic distance. Based on the mtDNA marker, lack of fertilization rate, hybrid female inviability and hybrid female sterility were estimated to be nearly complete (99.0–99.9% barrier) at genetic distances of 0.475–0.657, 0.150–0.209 and 0.138–0.204, respectively.
Conclusions
The prevalent view on the evolution of reproductive barriers is supported in the haplodiploid spider mite we studied here. According to the estimated minimum genetic distance for total reproductive isolation in parent population crosses in this and previous studies, a genetic distance of 0.152–0.210 in mtDNA (COI) appears required for speciation in spider mites. Due to a lack of hybrid males, we could not address Haldane’s rule, which can be extended to haplodiploids, even though we focused on a young diverging group of spider mites. Our results highlight the importance of cytonuclear interactions for reproductive isolation in haplodiploid spider mites.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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