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Research
reza shafiei
North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
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Background
The Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) of Leishmania infantum is a complex glycoprotein which does not elicit adequate immunogenicity in human. In recent years, adjuvant compounds derived from plants have been used for improving the immunogenicity of the vaccines. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a natural triterpenoid saponin that has known immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a co-treatment with FML and GL on the production of cytokines and nitric oxide ( NO) by macrophages, in vitro .
Methods
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with FML (5 μg/ml) of Leishmania infantum and various concentrations of GL (1 μg/ml, or 10 μg/ml or 20 μg/ml). After 48h of treatment, cell culture supernatants were recovered and the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IP-10 were measured by sandwich ELISA and NO concentration by Griess reaction.
Results
Our results indicated that the treatment of activated macrophages with FML plus GL leads to enhanced production of NO, TNF-α, IL-12p70, and reduction of IL-10 levels in comparison with FML treatment alone.
Conclusions
We, therefore, concluded that GL can improve the immunostimulatory effect of FML on macrophages and leads to polarization of them toward an M1-like phenotype.
Keywords
Fucose-mannose ligand, Glycyrrhizin, Macrophage, Nitric oxide, Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 02 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Jun, 2020
Version 3
Posted 28 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 05 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 29 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 07 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Apr, 2020
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Subject Areas
Parasitology
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at Parasites & Vectors.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research
reza shafiei
North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 02 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 12 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 11 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 11 Jun, 2020
Version 3
Posted 28 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Accept but needs final editing
On 05 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor Revision
On 29 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 22 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 08 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 08 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 07 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 07 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 07 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Parasitology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Parasites & Vectors.
Background
The Fucose-Mannose Ligand (FML) of Leishmania infantum is a complex glycoprotein which does not elicit adequate immunogenicity in human. In recent years, adjuvant compounds derived from plants have been used for improving the immunogenicity of the vaccines. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a natural triterpenoid saponin that has known immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a co-treatment with FML and GL on the production of cytokines and nitric oxide ( NO) by macrophages, in vitro .
Methods
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with FML (5 μg/ml) of Leishmania infantum and various concentrations of GL (1 μg/ml, or 10 μg/ml or 20 μg/ml). After 48h of treatment, cell culture supernatants were recovered and the levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IP-10 were measured by sandwich ELISA and NO concentration by Griess reaction.
Results
Our results indicated that the treatment of activated macrophages with FML plus GL leads to enhanced production of NO, TNF-α, IL-12p70, and reduction of IL-10 levels in comparison with FML treatment alone.
Conclusions
We, therefore, concluded that GL can improve the immunostimulatory effect of FML on macrophages and leads to polarization of them toward an M1-like phenotype.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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