Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms
Background : Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative symptoms and functional outcomes. Switch targets multiple cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes associated with motivation and goal directed behaviours. We aimed to investigate its effects on motivation and associated processes in a naturalistic setting, and to explore the dynamics between the processes.
Methods : We used a single case approach ( n = 3), with a pre-post and follow-up assessment design, which also included ambulatory assessments (experience sampling method, ESM; and step count). We computed autoregressive lag 1 models to evaluate the effects of the intervention on daily motivation levels and related processes, descriptive pie-charts, and vector autoregressive modelling to reveal the dynamics of the processes over time.
Results : The intervention was beneficial for each participant according to traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, daily functioning and quality of life. The effects on the ESM variables revealed distinct outcomes for each individual. The dynamics between the various processes differed between participants, and fluctuated within participants (when comparing baseline, intervention phase, and follow-up).
Conclusions : This study used an innovative approach to look at the effectiveness of an intervention. The intervention seems to lead to meaningful improvements in motivational negative symptoms and functional outcomes. The mechanisms of change need to be further investigated.
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Posted 18 Aug, 2020
On 25 Sep, 2020
On 17 Aug, 2020
On 13 Aug, 2020
On 12 Aug, 2020
On 12 Aug, 2020
On 29 Jul, 2020
Received 29 Jul, 2020
Received 29 Jul, 2020
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
On 24 Jul, 2020
On 23 Jul, 2020
On 22 Jul, 2020
On 22 Jul, 2020
On 23 Jun, 2020
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Received 15 Jun, 2020
On 31 May, 2020
On 30 May, 2020
On 21 May, 2020
Invitations sent on 11 May, 2020
On 04 May, 2020
On 28 Apr, 2020
On 27 Apr, 2020
Idiographic analyses of motivation and related processes in participants with schizophrenia following a therapeutic intervention for negative symptoms
Posted 18 Aug, 2020
On 25 Sep, 2020
On 17 Aug, 2020
On 13 Aug, 2020
On 12 Aug, 2020
On 12 Aug, 2020
On 29 Jul, 2020
Received 29 Jul, 2020
Received 29 Jul, 2020
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
On 24 Jul, 2020
On 23 Jul, 2020
On 22 Jul, 2020
On 22 Jul, 2020
On 23 Jun, 2020
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Received 15 Jun, 2020
On 31 May, 2020
On 30 May, 2020
On 21 May, 2020
Invitations sent on 11 May, 2020
On 04 May, 2020
On 28 Apr, 2020
On 27 Apr, 2020
Background : Motivational negative symptoms hinder quality of life and daily functioning of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A recently developed intervention, Switch, has shown promising effects on negative symptoms and functional outcomes. Switch targets multiple cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes associated with motivation and goal directed behaviours. We aimed to investigate its effects on motivation and associated processes in a naturalistic setting, and to explore the dynamics between the processes.
Methods : We used a single case approach ( n = 3), with a pre-post and follow-up assessment design, which also included ambulatory assessments (experience sampling method, ESM; and step count). We computed autoregressive lag 1 models to evaluate the effects of the intervention on daily motivation levels and related processes, descriptive pie-charts, and vector autoregressive modelling to reveal the dynamics of the processes over time.
Results : The intervention was beneficial for each participant according to traditional evaluations of motivational negative symptoms, apathy, daily functioning and quality of life. The effects on the ESM variables revealed distinct outcomes for each individual. The dynamics between the various processes differed between participants, and fluctuated within participants (when comparing baseline, intervention phase, and follow-up).
Conclusions : This study used an innovative approach to look at the effectiveness of an intervention. The intervention seems to lead to meaningful improvements in motivational negative symptoms and functional outcomes. The mechanisms of change need to be further investigated.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9