See the published version of this preprint at BMC Chemistry.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
Research article
Jenni Hawke
British Amercian Tobacco
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Mainstream tobacco smoke is a complex and dynamic aerosol, consisting of particulate and vapour phases. Most approaches to determine mainstream smoke toxicant yields are based on offline techniques that limit the opportunity to observe in real time the processes leading to smoke formation. The recent development of online real-time analytical methods offers many advantages over traditional techniques. Here we report the LM2X-TOFMS (Borgwaldt GmbH, Germany), a commercial instrument that couples a linear smoking engine with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for real-time per-puff measurement of the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke. Total cigarette and puff-by-puff (μg/puff) yields were evaluated, in line with International Council of Harmonisation recommendations, for seven smoke toxicants: acetaldehyde, acetone, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butanone, benzene, isoprene and toluene. Measurements were unaffected by small system changes including replacing the sampling capillary or time of day (all P >0.05), indicating that the LM2X-TOFMS is rugged. Control charts showed that the system has good stability and control. Analysis of certified gas mixtures of six concentrations of each analyte showed a highly linear response for all seven analytes (R 2 =0.9922–0.9999). In terms of repeatability, the lowest variation was observed for isoprene with a coefficient of variation (CV) of <6% for each concentration. Acetaldehyde showed the highest CV, increasing from 8.0% to 26.6% with decreasing gas concentration. Accuracy was analysed in terms of relative error, which was ±16% for six of the analytes; however, the relative error for acetaldehyde was (–36.2%), probably due to its low ionisation efficiency under the instrument’s vacuum ultraviolet lamp. Three cigarette products (reference and commercial) with different ISO tar levels were analysed by the LM2X-TOFMS puff by puff under ISO regulatory smoking conditions. The relative standard deviation based on average yield per cigarette for each analyte in each product (summed puffs per product, n=30) ranged from ≤9.3% to ≤16.2%. Measurements were consistent with published data per cigarette. In conclusion, the LM2X-TOFMS is suitable for determining the vapour-phase yields of seven analytes on a real-time, puff-by-puff basis, and can be utilised for both fast screening (qualitative) and quantitative measurements of mainstream cigarette smoke.
Keywords
SPI-TOF, mainstream cigarette smoke, acetaldehyde, acetone, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butanone, benzene, isoprene, toluene, puff by puff
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Loading...
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Chemistry.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 10 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Dec, 2019
Version 3
Posted 04 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Nov, 2019
Editor assigned
On 22 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 21 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 21 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 04 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 27 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 26 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 26 Sep, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Jul, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Jul, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 18 Jun, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Analytical Chemistry
Learn more about our company.
A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Chemistry.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Jenni Hawke
British Amercian Tobacco
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Chemistry.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 10 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 04 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 03 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 03 Dec, 2019
Version 3
Posted 04 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Nov, 2019
Editor assigned
On 22 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 21 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 21 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Review #1 received
Received 04 Oct, 2019
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 04 Oct, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 27 Sep, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 26 Sep, 2019
Editor invited
On 26 Sep, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 30 Jul, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 26 Jul, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 18 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 15 Jul, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 13 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 13 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 08 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 18 Jun, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Analytical Chemistry
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Chemistry.
Mainstream tobacco smoke is a complex and dynamic aerosol, consisting of particulate and vapour phases. Most approaches to determine mainstream smoke toxicant yields are based on offline techniques that limit the opportunity to observe in real time the processes leading to smoke formation. The recent development of online real-time analytical methods offers many advantages over traditional techniques. Here we report the LM2X-TOFMS (Borgwaldt GmbH, Germany), a commercial instrument that couples a linear smoking engine with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for real-time per-puff measurement of the vapour phase of mainstream cigarette smoke. Total cigarette and puff-by-puff (μg/puff) yields were evaluated, in line with International Council of Harmonisation recommendations, for seven smoke toxicants: acetaldehyde, acetone, 1,3-butadiene, 2-butanone, benzene, isoprene and toluene. Measurements were unaffected by small system changes including replacing the sampling capillary or time of day (all P >0.05), indicating that the LM2X-TOFMS is rugged. Control charts showed that the system has good stability and control. Analysis of certified gas mixtures of six concentrations of each analyte showed a highly linear response for all seven analytes (R 2 =0.9922–0.9999). In terms of repeatability, the lowest variation was observed for isoprene with a coefficient of variation (CV) of <6% for each concentration. Acetaldehyde showed the highest CV, increasing from 8.0% to 26.6% with decreasing gas concentration. Accuracy was analysed in terms of relative error, which was ±16% for six of the analytes; however, the relative error for acetaldehyde was (–36.2%), probably due to its low ionisation efficiency under the instrument’s vacuum ultraviolet lamp. Three cigarette products (reference and commercial) with different ISO tar levels were analysed by the LM2X-TOFMS puff by puff under ISO regulatory smoking conditions. The relative standard deviation based on average yield per cigarette for each analyte in each product (summed puffs per product, n=30) ranged from ≤9.3% to ≤16.2%. Measurements were consistent with published data per cigarette. In conclusion, the LM2X-TOFMS is suitable for determining the vapour-phase yields of seven analytes on a real-time, puff-by-puff basis, and can be utilised for both fast screening (qualitative) and quantitative measurements of mainstream cigarette smoke.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Loading...