Forest cover change (FCC) varies from region to region and is thus considered as one of the drivers of climate change. This study identified the pattern of the FCC for the years 2010 and 2020 using spectral vegetation index and Markov chain Techniques. The Markov chain (MC) and Cellular automata (CA) methods were utilized to simulate the forest cover map for the year 2030. The spectral vegetation index of Landsat 7 Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational land images (OLI) were used to assess the forest cover loss for the year 2010 and 2020 focusing on the Normalized difference vegetation index, (NDVI), Green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and Difference vegetation index (DVI). Based on the validation result, the accuracy of the forest cover simulation model is more than 75 percent (%). The simulation result shows that if the current deforestation and encroachment continues, the forest cover will continue to be endangered and thus leading to a decrease in dense forest, plantation, and sparse vegetation by 20.9%, 16.1%, and 20% respectively. This study will be helpful for planners and decision-makers in ensuring sustainable forest management.