Population
Two communities were visited in the period May 2015 to December 2017: Usibamba and Chaquicocha, belonging to the San José de Quero district, province of Concepción, located in central Peru at 4000 meters above sea level with temperatures ranging from − 4 ° C to 16 ° C. These two communities have 2193 inhabitants and are endemic in human cystic hydatidosis.
The sample size was estimated at 28% prevalence of canes infested with E. granulosus in endemic areas [14], 95% as a confidence interval, power of 80% and adding 20% for probable losses. The sample tested was 260 stool samples, using the proportions method with the statistical program Stata v. 13.1 (Stata Corporation, Texas, USA).
Procedures:
Before the intervention, households are housed in a stratified and random manner based on the proportion of inhabitants for each community and for each street, supported by the demographic survey of the municipality of San José de Quero, on satellite images and on the map Geographical All the dogs present in each house were sampled, if the occupants of a house were absent, refused to participate in the study or had no dog, we selected a neighboring house and asked about the presence or absence of dogs. The process was continued until the sample size was completed.
Prior informed consent to the owners, the information was collected by means of a structured and validated form, as well as the measures of prevention of hydatidosis, a leaflet containing information on the importance of canine deworming was given and recently obtained samples of Fresh feces from the sticks, were collected maintaining the biosecurity measures, the samples were deposited in a bottle with 10% formalin and kept refrigerated at 4 ° C, then transported to the microbiology laboratory of the Institute of Tropical Medicine of the University National Mayor of San Marcos for microscopic identification. Samples of fresh feces were also collected from the fields and from the main square of the annexes in order to compare the results microbiologically.
For the microscopic examination of faecal samples preserved in 10% formalin, select the direct method which consists in dissolving the sample well, keeping it at rest for 5 minutes and with the help of a Pasteur pipette, a drop was taken from the bottom, then, place it on a slide, cover it with a slide cover and observe under a microscope at 10 and 40 magnification, this procedure will avoid identifying the presence of other parasites.
For the diagnosis of echinococcosis, analyze stool samples from the rods by using coproantigen analysis, using the commercial immunoenzymatic technique (ELISA) for E. granulosus (Cestodas Zoonoses Research Group, University of Salford). The plates were read at 490 nm + 3 standard deviations with a kinetic microplate reader. Two positive and two negative controls are used per plate [15].
Intervention
Praziquantel 5 mg / kg was orally administered to the canes in three doses every 30 days each cycle was twice a year for two consecutive years; for the street canes the antiparasitic was combined with bread and chicken bites, a photograph was selected in each deworming process for identification. The administration of the medication went directly to the dog and under supervision, the medication was not delivered to the owner or to the health facility.
At each home visit it was reformed with the talks on prevention of hydatidosis and delivery of informative material, likewise a deworming card was delivered which was delivered to the owner and it was every time he can receive the antiparasitic treatment, likewise information is obtained from the adverse effects that the dog presented. When the owner is not found, he would visit again the next day until he found the owner and proceeded to despair.
After two years, in December 2017, we collected the stool samples again in the same way as before the intervention and took the microbiology laboratory to identify the parasite.