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Research article
Francois Seneca
Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-1227
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Cnidarians - the most primitive tissue-forming animals - can get infected with pathogens, defend themselves and heal. Recent sequencing projects on cnidarians have unveiled a rich innate immunity gene repertoire but little is known about their involvement in the host’s response against live pathogens over time. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a zoonotic threat originating from the ocean, which causes pandemics, and economic struggle to society. Here, we advance our understanding of the innate immunity from the transcriptome-wide response of a basal marine metazoan to infection with Vp. The dynamic of the response was assessed in a time series experiment following the gene activity of the anemone Aiptasia pallida strain CC7 infected or not with the Vp clinical strain O3:K6 and compared to the gene expression profile under LPS treatment. ResultsRNA-sequencing, gene expression and functional analyses detected hundreds of genes responsive to the Vp infection after 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours, including very few shared with the response to LPS. Members of the NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and RIG-I-like receptor PRR families were responsive to the infection, but none from the canonical TLR family. A TLR-like pathway represented by MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB and AP-1 was actively regulated in response to the infection but not by LPS, suggesting an alternative PAMP-PRR trigger to this pathway. Other activated pathways involving TNFRs likely lead to apoptosis which was enzymatically confirmed. Recently proposed novel innate immune genes in actinarians including CniFLs and NGs showed positive expression to infection.Conclusions Several innovations consisting of: possible neofunctionalization, conservation of signaling pathways over conservation of particular key genes, and involvement of lineage-specific immunity genes, denote the innate immune response to live pathogen in Aiptasia. Transduction of immune signals through a TLR-like pathway is supported. Two TNFR pathways could possibly lead to an inflammatory response and apoptosis, which we suggest takes place to fend off bacterial infection in Aiptasia. These results reveal the anemone’s innate immunity genes responsive to bacterial infection as well as potential novel candidates for future evolutionary as well as functional studies.
Keywords
innate immunity, bacteria, infection, transcriptomics, Cnidaria
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The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SuppFIG1BVenndiagramseriesDOWNregulated.pdf
- SuppFIG4Caspasenormalized12h.pdf
- SuppFIG1AVenndiagramseriesUPregulated.pdf
- SuppFIG3FETforDOWNDECs.pdf
- SuppTABLE4ApoptosisDECsfulltable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE13h6h12hLPSmastergenetable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE2FETstatsmastertable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE3ImmunityDECsfulltable.xlsx
- SuppFIG2GOtermspercentagecompiled.png
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View the published article at BMC Genomics.
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Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Oct, 2020
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On 07 Oct, 2020
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On 06 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Oct, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 02 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Sep, 2020
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On 15 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 08 May, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Apr, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 08 May, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Aug, 2020
This version was not preprinted
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A new preprint design is coming!
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Genomics.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Francois Seneca
Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-1227
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 09 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 07 Oct, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 06 Oct, 2020
Editor invited
On 06 Oct, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 02 Oct, 2020
Editor assigned
On 16 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 15 Sep, 2020
Version 1
Posted 08 May, 2020
No comments provided
Review #2 received
Received 15 Jun, 2020
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 15 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 08 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 14 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 23 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 21 Apr, 2020
Version (no preprint)
Posted 08 May, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 09 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 24 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 24 Aug, 2020
This version was not preprinted
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Genomics.
Cnidarians - the most primitive tissue-forming animals - can get infected with pathogens, defend themselves and heal. Recent sequencing projects on cnidarians have unveiled a rich innate immunity gene repertoire but little is known about their involvement in the host’s response against live pathogens over time. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a zoonotic threat originating from the ocean, which causes pandemics, and economic struggle to society. Here, we advance our understanding of the innate immunity from the transcriptome-wide response of a basal marine metazoan to infection with Vp. The dynamic of the response was assessed in a time series experiment following the gene activity of the anemone Aiptasia pallida strain CC7 infected or not with the Vp clinical strain O3:K6 and compared to the gene expression profile under LPS treatment. ResultsRNA-sequencing, gene expression and functional analyses detected hundreds of genes responsive to the Vp infection after 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours, including very few shared with the response to LPS. Members of the NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and RIG-I-like receptor PRR families were responsive to the infection, but none from the canonical TLR family. A TLR-like pathway represented by MyD88, TRAF6, NF-κB and AP-1 was actively regulated in response to the infection but not by LPS, suggesting an alternative PAMP-PRR trigger to this pathway. Other activated pathways involving TNFRs likely lead to apoptosis which was enzymatically confirmed. Recently proposed novel innate immune genes in actinarians including CniFLs and NGs showed positive expression to infection.Conclusions Several innovations consisting of: possible neofunctionalization, conservation of signaling pathways over conservation of particular key genes, and involvement of lineage-specific immunity genes, denote the innate immune response to live pathogen in Aiptasia. Transduction of immune signals through a TLR-like pathway is supported. Two TNFR pathways could possibly lead to an inflammatory response and apoptosis, which we suggest takes place to fend off bacterial infection in Aiptasia. These results reveal the anemone’s innate immunity genes responsive to bacterial infection as well as potential novel candidates for future evolutionary as well as functional studies.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
The full text of this article is available to read as a PDF.
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- SuppFIG1BVenndiagramseriesDOWNregulated.pdf
- SuppFIG4Caspasenormalized12h.pdf
- SuppFIG1AVenndiagramseriesUPregulated.pdf
- SuppFIG3FETforDOWNDECs.pdf
- SuppTABLE4ApoptosisDECsfulltable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE13h6h12hLPSmastergenetable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE2FETstatsmastertable.xlsx
- SuppTABLE3ImmunityDECsfulltable.xlsx
- SuppFIG2GOtermspercentagecompiled.png
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