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Research Article
Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz
University of Zabol
Corresponding Author
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The concentrations of four heavy metals zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in liver, kidney, muscle and brain of nine species of birds from the Chahmimeh Sistan from Iran, to assess metal levels and the potential risk to birds, and to the people who eat them. Significantly higher levels of all metals were found in the brain of waterfowl than in the tissues of other birds. There were no significant gender differences in heavy metals in all tissue. Levels of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in the liver and kidney varied as a function of feeding habitats; the median levels were significantly higher in invertebrate predators than fish predators and omnivorous species. Short distance migrating birds had significantly higher median levels of heavy metals in liver and kidney than long distance migrant birds. Ni levels in liver and kidney tissues in 56% of birds were higher than the critical thresholds levels for effects in birds. Our data indicate that environmental exposure to metals were higher in the wintering populations of birds in the Chahnimeh of Sistan from Iran. Concentration Zn, Pb and Cd in a small percentage of birds, and 56% nickel level in liver and 56% kidney concentrations in birds, were above toxicity levels. Determining the exposure frequency and daily intake of birds, the Hazard Quotient for edible tissues (kidney, Liver and muscle) of these birds showed that their consumption provides a health risk to people consuming them.
Keywords
Heavy metals, Birds, Sistan, Health Risk Assessment
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Research Article
Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz
University of Zabol
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 2
Posted 19 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
No comments provided
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
The concentrations of four heavy metals zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) were determined in liver, kidney, muscle and brain of nine species of birds from the Chahmimeh Sistan from Iran, to assess metal levels and the potential risk to birds, and to the people who eat them. Significantly higher levels of all metals were found in the brain of waterfowl than in the tissues of other birds. There were no significant gender differences in heavy metals in all tissue. Levels of Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn in the liver and kidney varied as a function of feeding habitats; the median levels were significantly higher in invertebrate predators than fish predators and omnivorous species. Short distance migrating birds had significantly higher median levels of heavy metals in liver and kidney than long distance migrant birds. Ni levels in liver and kidney tissues in 56% of birds were higher than the critical thresholds levels for effects in birds. Our data indicate that environmental exposure to metals were higher in the wintering populations of birds in the Chahnimeh of Sistan from Iran. Concentration Zn, Pb and Cd in a small percentage of birds, and 56% nickel level in liver and 56% kidney concentrations in birds, were above toxicity levels. Determining the exposure frequency and daily intake of birds, the Hazard Quotient for edible tissues (kidney, Liver and muscle) of these birds showed that their consumption provides a health risk to people consuming them.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
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