The Female Reproductive System Structure of Isotomus speciosus (Schneider, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Mylabris cernyi Pan &amp; Bologna, 2014 (Coleoptera: Meloidae)-Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2594234/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

The Female Reproductive System Structure of Isotomus speciosus (Schneider, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Mylabris cernyi Pan & Bologna, 2014 (Coleoptera: Meloidae)-Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2594234/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

You are reading this latest preprint version

In this study, the female reproductive system of Isotomus speciosus (Cerambycidae) and Mylabris cernyi (Meloidae) species were examined anatomically and histologically under light and scanning electron microscopes. The first of the adult insects was collected from Kömüşini, Kulu, Konya, and the other from Keklikdere, Bingöl, Turkey. According to the results obtained, the female reproductive system in both species consists of a pair of ovaries, lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, spermatheca, bursa copulatrix, and genital chamber. Each ovary has ~ 28 ovarioles in I. speciosus, ~ 50 ovarioles in M. cernyi. In both species, each ovariole consists of a terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium, and pedicel. However, the properties (The number of ovaries, presence-absence of terminal filament, thickness, the length of terminal filament, dimensions of germarium, the number of oocytes in vitellarium, ooplasm content of oocytes, the shape of follicle epithelium surrounding oocytes, the size of oocytes, oocyte surface differentiation) of these parts differ according to the species. In both species, previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and choriogenesis stages oocytes were found in the vitellarium. In this study, the similarities and differences in the anatomical and histological structures of the parts of the female reproductive system of I. speciosus and M. cernyi with species belonging to other families were compared.

Ovariole

ovary

female

Cerambycidae

Meloidae

Cerambycidae is one of the largest insect groups with 35,000 species. These insects have a cosmopolitan distribution and are particularly abundant in the tropics. Many cerambycid species are considered as pests in various parts of the world because of their ability to damage wood and wooden structures. This damage often causes significant economic losses due to the decrease in tree quality and commercial value (Taşçı, 2021).

Meloidae is a cosmopolitan family with approximately 3,000 species in 120 genera worldwide, excluding New Zealand, Antarctica, and most of the Polynesian islands (Bologna & Di Giulio, 2011; Pinto & Bologna, 2016). Turkey has 177 species belonging to two subfamilies and 23 genera (Demir & Kabalak, 2020). Meloidae cause economic damage as they feed on the leaves and shoots of potatoes, tomatoes, alfalfa, soybeans, sugar beets, cotton, various truck crops, and vegetables (Lodos, 1998; Sansone, 2002; Towsend, 2000).

Although Cerambycidae and Meloidae are economically important families, studies on the female reproductive system of these families are rare (Gerber et al., 1971; Tomotake et al., 2015). In Coleoptera, including Cerambycidae and Meloidae, the female reproductive system consists of a pair of ovaries containing an interspecifically different number of ovarioles, a pair of lateral canals, a common oviduct, a spermatheca, and in some species an additional bursa copulatrix. The anatomical and histological features of these structures may differ interspecifically. This situation is important in the systematic, phylogenetic, and reproductive biology of different species (Gerber et al., 1971; Stringer, 1988; Maffei et al., 2001; Świątek and Górkiewicz, 2006; Wang et al., 2007; Simões, 2012; Mohamed et al., 2015; Tomotake et al., 2015; Wang, 2017; Túler et al. 2018; Wan Nurul ‘Ain et al., 2018; Boonyoung et al., 2020; Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a, b).

In this study, the structure of female reproductive system organs in Isotomus speciosus and Mylabris cernyi was examined under light and electron microscopy and compared with other coleopteran species, and it was aimed to expand the anatomical and histological knowledge of coleopterans on this subject.

Insects

Adult females (n = 20) of I. speciosus were collected in Kömüşini, Kulu, Konya, Turkey, in May 2019. Adult females (n = 20) of Mylabris cernyi were collected in Keklikdere, Bingöl, Turkey, in July 2019. The males were anesthetized with ethyl acetate steam, and their organs were rapidly dissected in phosphate buffer (pH: 7.2) solution under an SZX7 Olympus Stereo Microscope (SM).

Light microscope (LM)

Some of the dissected samples were transferred to 10% formalin fixative solution for 24 h at 4°C. Then the organs were dehydrated from 50–99% and embedded in paraffin. Slices of 5–6 µm thickness were obtained with a rotatory microtome (Microm HM 310), stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E), and examined with a light microscope (Olympus BX-51).

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

The other dissected samples were dehydrated from 50–99%, transferred to Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for 15 min, and dried with air (Nation, 1983). The organs were coated with a gold-covered Sputter Coater (Polaron SC502) and analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM 6060 LV).

The female reproductive system anatomy and histology of Isotomus speciosus (Cerambycidae)

In I. speciosus, the female reproductive system consists of a pair of light yellowish-grayish ovaries, lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, spermatheca, bursa copulatrix, and genital chamber (Figs. 1a, b, 6c, d). Each ovary has about ~ 28 ovarioles (Figs. 1a, b). Each ovariole consists of a terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium, and pedicel (Figs. 2a, b). Terminal filament lengths are short because the ovarioles are aligned (Figs. 2a, b). The terminal filament located distal to the ovariole connects the ovarioles to each other in the form of ~ 60 µm thick thread (Figs. 2a, b, 3a, b). The germarium, located in the continuation of the terminal filament, is ~ 0.7 mm long and ~ 0.17 mm wide (Fig. 3a). Basophilic trophocytes are seen in the germarium, which provide nutrients for the oocytes in the vitellarium (Figs. 3a, c, d). In each ovariole, 4 oocytes (in previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis and choriogenesis stages) are distinguished in the vitellarium region (Fig. 2b). Gradual growth is evident as the oocyte develops (Fig. 2b). That is, the vitellogenic oocyte is ~ 0.5 mm long, ~ 0.2 mm wide, while the choriogenic oocyte ~ 1,5 mm long, ~ 0.6 mm wide (Figs. 2a, b). The ooplasm of the previtellogenic oocyte is basophilic, the germinal vesicle is in the middle, and the oocyte is surrounded by several layers of follicle epithelium (Fig. 3c). The ooplasm of the vitellogenic oocytes is heterogeneous (Fig. 4a). While the periphery of the ooplasm is basophilic, eosinophilic nutrient granules and lipids draw attention toward the middle (Fig. 4a). It is distinguished that the vitellogenic oocyte is surrounded by a monolayer of cubic follicular epithelium (Figs. 4a, b). In the choriogenic oocytes, which is the final stage of development, the ooplasm appears to be filled with eosinophilic nutrient granules and lipid droplets (Figs. 5a, b). The follicle epithelium surrounding the oocyte is thinned. The chorion layer was formed (Fig. 5a). Polygonal shapes are observed on the surface of the choriogenic oocytes (Fig. 5c, d). The fully developed oocyte passes through the pedicel to the lateral oviduct and from there to the common oviduct. Here, after fertilization with the sperm from the spermatheca, the eggs are released from the genital chamber (Figs. 6c, d) In the longitudinal section of the lateral oviduct, it is distinguished from the lumen that it is surrounded by the intima layer, monolayer cubic epithelium, and muscle layer. Additionally, dense and long spiny structures extending from the intima layer to the lumen are encountered (Figs. 6a, b).

A small goblet-shaped and light yellow bursa copulatrix and a small spermatheca in the form of a cylindrical sac and white are seen around the common oviduct (Figs. 6c, d). The bursa copulatrix is ~ 1,4 mm long, ~ 0,8 mm wide. The spermatheca is ~ 0,7 mm long, ~ 0,2 mm wide.

The female reproductive system anatomy and histology of M. cernyi (Meloidae)

In M. cernyi, the female reproductive system consists of a pair of yellowish ovaries, lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, spermatheca, bursa copulatrix, and genital chamber (Figs. 7a, b, 12c, d). Each ovary has ~ 50 ovarioles (Figs. 7a, b). Each ovariole consists of a terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium, and pedicel (Figs. 8a, b). Because the ovarioles are not aligned, terminal filament lengths are longer in the lower ovarioles (Fig. 8a). The terminal filament located distal to the ovariole connects the ovarioles to each other in the form of ~ 30 µm thick thread (Fig. 8a). The germarium, located in the continuation of the terminal filament, is ~ 0.6 mm long and ~ 0.1 mm wide (Figs. 9a, b). Basophilic trophocytes are seen in the germarium, which provide nutrients for the oocytes in the vitellarium (Fig. 9a). In each ovariole, 3 oocytes (previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis and choriogenesis stages) are distinguished in the vitellarium region (Fig. 8b). As the oocyte develops, not gradual but abrupt growth is evident (Figs. 7b, 8a). That is, the vitellogenic oocyte is quite small (~ 0.25 mm long, ~ 0.2 mm wide), while the choriogenic oocyte (~ 2 mm long, ~ 0.7 mm wide) appears quite large (Figs. 7b, 8a). The previtellogenic oocyte is surrounded by several stratified follicle epithelium (Fig. 10a). It is distinguished that the vitellogenic oocyte ooplasm is basophilic and the germinal vesicle is withdrawn to the periphery (Fig. 10a). The vitelline membrane surrounding the ooplasm is prominent (Fig. 10b). The vitellogenic oocyte is surrounded by a monolayer cubic epithelium (Fig. 10a, b). The ooplasm of the choriogenic oocyte appears to be filled with eosinophilic nutrients and lipid droplets (Figs. 11a, b). The follicle epithelium surrounding the oocyte is thinned. The chorion formation is distinguished (Fig. 11a). Patterning such as polygonal shapes on the surface of the choriogenic oocytes is not distinguished (Figs. 11c, d). After this stage, the fully developed oocyte passes through the pedicel to the lateral canal and from there to the common canal. Here, after fertilization with the sperm from the spermatheca, the eggs are released from the genital chamber (Figs. 12c, d). In the cross-section of the lateral oviduct, it is distinguished from the lumen that it is surrounded by the intima layer, a monolayer of cuboidal epithelium, and a muscle layer. The epithelium has deep folds toward the lumen (Figs. 12a, b). Additionally, less sparse and shorter spiny structures are encountered than I. speciosus, which extends from the intima layer to the lumen (Fig. 12b). The bursa copulatrix with a large bulging, sac-like appearance, white and a small spermatheca in the form of a cylindrical sac and white are seen around the common oviduct (Fig. 12c). The bursa copulatrix is ~ 8,5 mm long, ~ 3 mm wide. The spermatheca is ~ 0,9 mm long, ~ 0.4 mm wide.

The female reproductive system in both species consists of a pair of ovaries, lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, spermatheca, bursa copulatrix, and genital chamber. However, when these structures are examined anatomically and histologically, there are some similarities and differences between the two species and when these species are compared with other species. Looking at the color of the ovaries, it is light yellowish-grayish in I. speciosus, while it is yellowish in M cernyi. Additionally, the number of ovarioles in each ovary differs interspecifically. Each ovary of I. speciosus has about 28 ovarioles, as in Stolas conspersa (Germar) (Chrysomelidae) (Simões, 2012). Each ovary of M. cernyi has about 50 ovarioles. In Eriopis connexa Mulsant (Coccinellidae), each ovary has 4 ovarioles (Maffei et al., 2001). Each ovary of Costelytra zealandica (White) (Scarabaeidae) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Chrysomelidae) comprising 6 ovarioles (Stringer, 1988; Mohamed et al., 2015). In Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Cerambycidae), each ovary consists of 12 ovarioles (Tomotake et al., 2015). Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 (Chrysomelidae) has 14 ovarioles in each ovary (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021). Each ovary of Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid 1825) (Chrysomelidae) consists of 18 ovarioles (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2022a). In Lytta nuttalli Say, 1824 (Meloidae), the ovaries contain several hundred ovarioles (Gerber et al., 1971). The number of ovarioles is important in the systematic, phylogenetic, and reproductive biology of different species.

Each ovariole in I. speciosus and M. cernyi consists of terminal filament, germarium, vitellarium, and pedicel, as in C. zealandica (Scarabaeidae), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) (Dryophthoridae), H. betulinus (Cerambycidae), Phaedon brassicae Baly, 1874 (Chrysomelidae), Aspidimorpha sanctaecrucis (Fabricius, 1792) (Chrysomelidae), C. populi (Chrysomelidae), and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae) (Stringer, 1988; Wang et al., 2007; Tomotake et al., 2015; Wan Nurul ‘Ain et al., 2018; Boonyoung et al., 2020; Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a). (López-Guerrero, 1995) stated that there is no terminal filament in the ovariole of Cephalodesmius armiger Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae).

The properties of the parts that make up the ovariole differ according to the species. For example, since the ovarioles are in the same plane in I. speciosus, the terminal filament connecting the ovarioles is of equal length, but in M. cernyi, the terminal filament lengths differ because the ovarioles are in different planes. Additionally, looking at the thickness of the terminal filament, it is distinguished that the terminal filament of I. speciosus is twice as thick as that of M. cernyi and C. populi (Chrysomelidae) (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021). In the germarium, the second part of the ovariole, trophocytes of both species are distinguished, but the germarium wide varied interspecifically. The germarium wide of I. speciosus (~ 0.17 mm wide) is larger than that of M. cernyi and C. populi (Chrysomelidae) (~ 0.1 mm wide) (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021). In both species, previtellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and choriogenesis stages oocytes are found in the vitellarium, the third part of the ovariole, as in C. populi (Chrysomelidae) and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae) (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a). However, the number of oocytes varied interspecifically. For example, while there are 4 oocytes in the vitellarium of I. speciosus, 3 oocytes are seen in M. cernyi. R. ferrugineus (Dryophthoridae) vitellarium has an oocyte (Wan Nurul ‘Ain et al., 2018). The vitellarium in C. populi (Chrysomelidae) and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae) has 3–4 oocytes (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a). The vitellarium of Liophloeus lentus Germar, 1824 (Curculionidae) has 40–50 oocytes (Świątek and Górkiewicz, 2006).

When looking at the oocytes in both species, the choriogenic oocytes in M. cernyi are considerably larger than the other oocytes. However, oocyte sizes increase gradually in I. speciosus. In both species, the number and shape of the follicle epithelium surrounding the oocytes are similar, with the previtellogenic oocyte surrounded by several-layered follicle epithelium, the vitellogenic oocyte by a monolayer cubical epithelium, and the choriogenic oocyte by a single-layered squamous epithelium. However, the ooplasm of oocytes at different stages may differ in both species. The ooplasm of the vitellogenic oocytes in I. speciosus is heterogeneous. While the periphery of the ooplasm is basophilic, eosinophilic nutrient granules attention toward the middle. In M. cernyi, the vitellogenic oocyte ooplasm is basophilic. In I. speciosus and M. cernyi, oocyte ooplasm has eosinophilic yolk granules, as in C. populi (Chrysomelidae) and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae) (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a).

In some species, patterning is discernible when looking at the surface of the late-stage oocytes, while in some there is no patterning. For example, anatomically, polygonal shapes are noticeable in I. speciosus, while no patterning is observed in M. cernyi.

Spiny structures extending from the lateral canal to the lumen were observed in both species. However, spinous structures of the lateral canal in M. ceryni are less frequent and shorter than in I. speciosus. In addition, Cheetham (1992) stated that there are cteniform spines on the inner surface of the lateral oviduct of Chrysomela scripta F., 1801 (Chrysomelidae).

In M. cernyi and I. speciosus, a spermatheca and a bursa copulatrix are seen around the common oviduct, as in Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Buprestidae) (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2022b). However, some species have only spermatheca and there is no bursa copulatrix, as in Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant, 1850) (Coccinellidae), C. populi (Chrysomelidae), and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae) (Túler et al. 2018; Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a).

The view and color of spermatheca differ interspecifically. In I. speciosus, there are a small goblet-shaped and light yellow bursa copulatrix and a cylindrical sac shaped and white spermatheca. M.cernyi has a large bulging, sac-like shaped, white bursa copulatrix and a cylindrical sac shaped and white spermatheca. In C. populi (Chrysomelidae) and C. herbacea (Chrysomelidae), the spermatheca has brown and hook -shaped (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2021, 2022a). The spermatheca of T. notata (Coccinellidae) is round or rhiniform and brown (Túler et al. 2018). C. tenebrionis (Buprestidae) has an elongated and white spermatheca (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2022b).

Bursa copulatrix size varies interspecifically. In I. speciosus, the bursa copulatrix is ~ 1,4 mm long, ~ 0,8 mm wide. In M. cernyi, the bursa copulatrix is ~ 8,5 mm long, ~ 3 mm wide. The bursa copulatrix of Prodontria lewisii (Scarabaeidae) has about 2.5 mm width and 4,5 mm high (Ferreira & McKinlay, 2001). In C. tenebrionis (Buprestidae), the bursa copulatrix is approximately 5.5 mm long and 1.6 mm wide (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2022b).

Spermatheca sizes vary interspecifically. The spermatheca of I. speciosus is ~ 0,7 mm long, ~ 0,2 mm wide. The spermatheca of M. cernyi is ~ 0,9 mm long, ~ 0.4 mm wide. The spermatheca of C. tenebrionis (Buprestidae) is ~ 1.4 mm long and ~ 0.6 mm wide (Özyurt Koçakoğlu et al., 2022b).

The spermatheca are almost the same size in M. cernyi and I. speciosus, in M. cernyi, and the bursa copulatrix is almost 6 times longer and 8 times wider than I. speciosus.

As a result, anatomical and histological studies of the female reproductive system of species belonging to the families Cerambycidae and Meloidae are very scarce (Gerber et al., 1971; Tomotake et al., 2015). This study is the first comparative study of the female reproductive system structure of species belonging to the families Cerambycidae and Meloidae. In this study, the similarities and differences in the anatomical and histological structures of the parts of the female reproductive system with species belonging to other families were compared. Number of ovaries, presence-absence of terminal filament, thickness, length of terminal filament, dimensions of germarium, number of oocytes in the vitellarium, ooplasm content of oocytes, the shape of follicle epithelium surrounding oocytes, size of oocytes, oocyte surface differentiation, shape, color, dimensions of the spermatheca, presence-absence of bursa copulatrix, color, and dimensions of bursa copulatrix are important in the systematic, phylogenetic, and reproductive biology of different species.

Acknowledgment: The authors would like to thank Gazi University Academic Writing Application and Research Center for proofreading the article.

Additional Information This article was originally submitted by the authors in English and is first published here.

Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest disclosed in this work.

Bologna MA, Di Giulio A (2011) Biological and morphological adaptations in the pre-imaginal phases of the beetle family Meloidae. Atti Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia, 59: 141–152.
Boonyoung, P., Senarat, S., Kettratad, J., Jiraungkoorskul, W., Thaochan, N., Sing, K. W., Pengsakul, P., & Poolprasert P (2020) Mature gonadal histology and gametogenesis of the tortoise beetle Aspidimorpha sanctaecrucis (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Cassidinae: Chrysomelidae): Histological observation. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology, 42(4): 725-947.
CheethamT (1992) Anatomy and histology of tissues associated with egg deposition in Chrysomela scripta Fabr. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 65(2): 101-114.
Demir MA, Kabalak M (2020) Zoogeographical evaluations on the Family Meloidae (Coleoptera) of Turkey. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 146(2): 313-330.
Ferreira SM, Mc Kinlay B (2001) Gross features of the alimentary canal and reproduction organs in Prodontria lewisii (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 28(3): 263-271.
Gerber GH., Church NS, Rempel JG (1971) The anatomy, histology, and physiology of the reproductive systems of Lytta nuttalli Say (Coleoptera: Meloidae). I. The internal genitalia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49(4): 523-533.
Lodos N (1998) Türkiye Entomolojisi VI (Genel, Uygulamalı ve Faunistik) [Turkish Entomology VI (General, Applied and Faunistic]. Ege Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Yayınları, İzmir, Turkey.
López-Guerrero Y (1995) Development and histology of the ovary in Cephalodesmius armiger Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin, 49(4): 332-342.
Maffei EMD, Fragoso DDB, Pompolo SDG, Serrão JE (2001) Morphological and cytogenetical studies on the female and male reproductive organs of Eriopis connexa Mulsant (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Coccinellidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 51(4): 483-496.
Mohamed MI, Khaled AS, Fattah HMA, Hussein MA, Salem DA, Fawki S (2015) Ultrastructure and histopathological alteration in the ovaries of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) induced by the solar radiation. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 68, 19-32.
Özyurt Koçakoğlu N, Çağlar Ü, Candan S (2022b) Morphology of female reproductive system of Mediterranean flatheaded peachborer, Capnodis tenebrionis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Acta Zoologica, 1-10. Doi: 10.1111/azo.12429
Özyurt Koçakoğlu N, Candan S, & Güllü M (2021) Morphology of the reproductive tract of females of leaf beetle Chrysomela populi (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera). Biologia, 76(11): 3257-3265.
Özyurt Koçakoğlu N, Candan S, Güllü M (2022a) Structural and ultrastructural characters of the reproductive tract in females of the mint leaf beetle Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid 1825) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Acta Zoologica, 103(3): 365-375.
Pinto J, Bologna MA (2016) Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru. Survey of the families. Meloidae Gyllenhal, 1810. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 89(2): 202-209.
Sansone D (2002) Blister beetles. Insects in the city. http://citybugs.tamu.edu/FastSheets/Ent-2006.html.
Simões MV (2012) Male and female reproductive systems of Stolas conspersa (Germar) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56(1): 19-22.
Stringer IAN (1988) The female reproductive system of Costelytra zealandica (White) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15(4): 513-533.
Taşçı A (2021). Ağaçlarımızın en büyük tehlikeli türleri. Teke böcekleri- Cerambycidae. Retrieved from https://turkiyeyabanhayati.org/blog/detail/agaclarimizin-en-buyuk-tehlikeli-turleri-teke-bocekleri-cerambycidae
Tomotake MEM, Ferreira RAC, Magatão AC, Gomes E (2015) Caracterização morfológica e ultramorfológica do sistema reprodutor feminino e ovos de adultas de Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Morphological and ultrastructural morphology of the female reproductive system. Ambiência, 11(3): 587-601.
Towsend LH (2000) Blister beetles in alfalfa. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture. http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/ Entomology/entfacts/fldcrops/ef102.hm
Túler AC, Silva Torres CS, Teixeira VW, Teixeira AA, Guedes CA, D'Assunção CG, Brayner FA, Alves LC (2018) Histology of the spermateca and stored sperm of Tenuisvalvae notata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Physiological Entomology, 43(3): 180-187.
Wan Nurul ‘Ain WMN, Nurul Wahida O, Yaakop S, Norefrina Shafinaz MN (2018) Morphology and histology of reproductive organ and first screening of wolbachia in the ovary of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). Serangga, 23(2), 183-193.
Wang XP, Zhou XM, Wang YY, Lei CL (2007) Internal reproductive system and diapausing morphology of the Brassica leaf beetle Phaedon brassicae Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 61(3): 457-462.
Wang Q (2017) Cerambycidae of the world biology and pest management. In: Monné M L, Monné MA, Wang Q (eds). General morphology, classification and biology of Cerambycidae. CRC Press, USA, pp. 1-70.

Download PDF

Reviewers agreed at journal
10 May, 2023
Reviewers invited by journal
10 May, 2023
Editor assigned by journal
19 Feb, 2023
First submitted to journal
16 Feb, 2023

You are reading this latest preprint version

The Female Reproductive System Structure of Isotomus speciosus (Schneider, 1787) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Mylabris cernyi Pan & Bologna, 2014 (Coleoptera: Meloidae)-Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Insects

Light microscope (LM)

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Results

Discussion

Declarations

References

Status:

Version 1