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Research Article
Kotowska Urszula
University of Białystok
Corresponding Author
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A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles (LMBTs) and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters (BUVs) was developed. The optimized method allow quantification of benzotriazole (BT), 4-methylbenzotriazole (4MBT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5MBT); 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5ClBT), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole (UV326) and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole (UV329) in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Obtained relative recoveries were between 77 and 137%, limits of detection (LoDs) from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of the tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.11 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in north-eastern Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant is from 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.
Keywords
Benzotriazoles, Municipal wastewater, Dairy wastewater, Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, Removal efficiency, Mass loads
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This preprint is under consideration at Scientific Reports. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Kotowska Urszula
University of Białystok
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Revision
Version 1
Posted 04 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 22 Mar, 2021
Review #9 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #7 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #10 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #6 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #8 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #5 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 09 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #16 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #14 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #17 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #13 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #15 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #5 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #12 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #11 agreed
On 03 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 03 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 03 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 25 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 23 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 21 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
A rapid, sensitive, economically and ecologically friendly method based on one-step ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for simultaneous determination of low molecular benzotriazoles (LMBTs) and benzotriazole-based ultraviolet filters (BUVs) was developed. The optimized method allow quantification of benzotriazole (BT), 4-methylbenzotriazole (4MBT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5MBT); 5-chlorobenzotriazole (5ClBT), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-butyl-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzortriazole (UV326) and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole (UV329) in municipal and industrial (dairy) wastewater. The method was validated using real influent and effluent wastewater and samples at various stages of the purification process. Obtained relative recoveries were between 77 and 137%, limits of detection (LoDs) from 0.001 to 0.035 µg/L, the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 12%. The use of the method for the determination of the tested compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater showed their presence in most of the tested samples, in concentrations from LoD to 6.11 µg/L. The conducted studies of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in north-eastern Poland showed that the effectiveness of benzotriazole removal by this plant is from 29 to 84%. The load of tested compounds released into the environment by this facility ranges from 2 to 269 mg/day/1000 inhabitants.
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