The drought and disease control potential of the Rhizobia and their EPS was investigated. Result obtained on the performance of two maize varieties under the influence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on their resistance to Bipolaris maydis showed that there was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the two genotypes in all the growth and yield characters. TZMI1466 had the highest values in number of leaves, plant height, leave area, stem diameter, stem height, shoot weight and leaf weight (8.19 ± 0.22 cm, 41.43 ± 1.33cm2, 107.65 ± 4.55 cm2, 2.57 ± 0.06 cm2, 26.46 ± 1.12 cm2, 50.95 ± 3.31cm2 and 22.92 ± 1.73 cm2) respectively. They were significantly higher than TMZI1297, although, higher incidence of disease was recorded in TZMI1297 (2.83 ± 0.19) than TZMI1466 (Table 4). The effect of different AMF treatments on maize resistance toBipolaris maydis showed varied significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on the maize growth and yield characters. The Maize + AMF treatment had the highest number of leaves (8.37 ± 0.39 cm), plant height (43.41 ± 2.30 cm2), leaf area (114.08 ± 7.89 cm), stem diameter (2.58 ± 0.10 cm), stem height (27.38 ± 1.94 cm) and disease incidence (2.50 ± 0.37 cm), respectively. The treated Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) after AMF inoculation had the highest root weight (4.17 ± 0.72 cm), shoot weight (51.50 ± 6.30 cm) and leaf weight (27.37 ± 3.28 cm) respectively (Table 5).
The interaction of genotype treatment had significant effect on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter and disease incidence respectively, but was not significant on leaf area, stem height, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight (Table 6). The principal components of growth and yield characters of the two maize varieties under the influence of different AMF treatments on Bipolaris maydis showed that number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, stem height, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight had equal contribution to principal component 1 (0.45). Stem diameter had the highest contribution to principal component 2 (0.89), number of leaves and root weight had the highest contribution to principal component 3 (0.87), leaf area and shoot weight contributed 0.82 to principal component 4 as the highest, while plant height, leaf weight and disease incidence contributed 0.71 to principal component 5 (Table 7). The correlation between the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter and stem height were positive and strongly correlated, while their correlations with root weight, shoot weight, leave weight and disease incidence were positive but weak (Table 8).
Table 4
Performance of maize infected by Bipolaris maydis as influenced by AMF
Genotypes | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
TZMI1297 | 7.47B | 35.21B | 82.44B | 2.09B | 22.33B | 3.06A | 23.73B | 12.47B | 2.83A |
TZMI1466 | 8.19A | 41.43A | 107.65A | 2.57A | 26.46A | 3.31A | 50.95A | 22.92A | 1.63B |
SE | 0.22 | 1.33 | 4.55 | 0.06 | 1.12 | 0.38 | 3.31 | 1.73 | 0.19 |
Means with the same alphabet down the group are not significantly different from each other from each other. NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, SE: Standard error, D: Disease.
Table 5
Effect of AMF on disease incidence, the growth and yield characters of two maize varieties
TRT | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
T1 | 8.00A | 38.82B | 106.48AB | 2.46AB | 23.82AB | 3.08A | 54.93A | 18.85AB | 1.50A |
T2 | 7.85A | 40.69AB | 94.83B | 2.34B | 24.05AB | 4.17A | 51.50A | 27.37A | 1.33A |
T3 | 8.26A | 40.57AB | 91.84B | 2.44AB | 25.56AB | 3.30A | 42.57AB | 20.17AB | 2.33A |
T4 | 8.19A | 38.45B | 98.39B | 2.32B | 25.67AB | 3.18A | 23.43B | 15.15B | 2.17A |
T5 | 8.37A | 43.41A | 114.08A | 2.58A | 27.38A | 3.28A | 40.33AB | 18.45AB | 2.50A |
T6 | 6.30B | 27.99C | 64.64C | 1.81C | 19.89B | 2.35A | 38.50AB | 16.62B | 2.33A |
SE | 0.39 | 2.3 | 7.89 | 0.1 | 1.94 | 0.72 | 6.3 | 3.28 | 0.37 |
Means with the same alphabet down the group are not significantly different from each other from each other. NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, SE: Standard error. T1 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) before AMF, T2 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) after AMF, T3 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + AMF (simultaneously), T4 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis), T5 Maize + AMF, T6 Maize Alone.
The maize + AMF is significantly higher in NOL (8.37), PH (43.41 cm), LA (114.08 cm2), SD (2.58 cm), and SH (27.38 cm) than other treatments.T2 had higher RW (4.17) but not significantly different from other treatments while higher SW (54.93) was recorded for T1 but not significantly different from T2. T2 had higher LW (21.37) (Table 5). T2 and T3 in PH and SH are not significantly different while T2, T3 and T4 for LA and SH are statistically similar.
Table 6
Genotype AMF treatment interactions on the growth and yield characters of maize
SOV | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
Genotypes | 41.53* | 3140.36* | 51505.04* | 18.63* | 1383.84* | 15.76ns | 42.19ns | 0.04ns | 0.00ns |
Treatments | 32.23* | 1560.46* | 15545.64* | 3.96* | 352.46ns | 10.60* | 363.04* | 26.35ns | 1.08* |
GxT | 22.72* | 731.78* | 6621.43ns | 2.19* | 199.62ns | 11.99ns | 771.80ns | 115.79ns | 1.38* |
SOV: Source of variation, NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, * represents significance at 5% probability level.GxT: Genotype by Treatment interactions.
Table 7
Principal components of maize varieties infected by Bipolaris maydis under different AMF treatments
Variables | PRIN1 | PRIN2 | PRIN3 | PRIN4 | PRIN5 |
NOL | 0.45 | -0.22 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
PH | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | -0.41 | 0.71 |
LA | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.82 | 0 |
SD | 0.45 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SH | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | -0.41 | -0.71 |
RW | 0.45 | 0.5 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
SW | 0.45 | 0.5 | -0.29 | 0.82 | 0 |
LW | 0.45 | 0.5 | -0.29 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
D | 0 | -0.5 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: disease incidence. PRIN represents principal component.
Table 8
Correlation of growth and yield characters in maize varieties infected by Bipolaris maydis under AMF treatments
| NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
NOL | 1 | 0.86 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.2 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.21 |
PH | 0.86 | 1 | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.95 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.25 |
LA | 0.72 | 0.76 | 1 | 0.88 | 0.71 | -0.03 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.01 |
SD | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.2 |
SH | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
RW | 0.2 | 0.07 | -0.03 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.48 | -0.12 |
SW | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 1 | 0.77 | -0.43 |
LW | 0.31 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 0.77 | 1 | -0.36 |
D | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.13 | -0.43 | -0.36 | 1 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: disease incidence.
The result of the effect of AMF, Rhizobium, and EPS on the performance of two maize varieties infected with Bipolaris maydis showed that there was significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the two maize varieties in the number of leaves and leaf area (Table 9). TZMI1297 had the highest number of leaves (8.48 ± 0.12 cm) and leaf area (116.78 ± 2.94 cm2) which were significantly higher than TZMI1466 that had the least values. The results on the AMF, Rhizobium and EPS treatments effect on the growth and yield parameters and disease incidence on two maize varieties showed varied significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the treatments in all the parameters considered but shoot weight and leaf weight respectively.
Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + Rhizobium had the highest number of leaves (8.68 ± 0.23 cm), plant height (47.59 ± 1.55 cm), leaf area (121.34 ± 5.88 cm2) and stem height (31.32 ± 1.20 cm), while the highest stem diameter(3.29 ± 0.28 cm ), root weight (6.70 ± 1.02), shoot weight (58.83 ± 8.08) and leaf weight (23.37 ± 3.43) were recorded in Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + watering + AMF. The highest disease incidence (2.33 ± 0.27) was recorded in Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + AMF + EPS + Rhizobium (Table 10).
The genotype treatment interaction was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, stem height and the disease incidence, while the genotype by treatment interactive effect on stem diameter, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight were not significant (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 11).
The principal component results showed that number of leaf, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, stem height, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight belonged to the same group with the highest contribution in principal component one. In principal component 2, leaf area had the highest contribution (0.89). The stem diameter had the highest contribution in principal component three. Both number of leaves and root weight had the highest contribution to principal component 4 (0.82), while plant height, shoot weight and leaf weight had the highest contribution to principal component 5 (0.71) respectively (Table 12).
The correlation analysis showed that the plant height, number of leaf, stem diameter and stem height had a strong correlation among themselves and positive, but they all had weak and positive correlation with root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight respectively. The root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight had a positive correlation among themselves and weak. The number of leaf, plant height, stem diameter, stem height, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight but the leaf area had negative correlation with the disease incidence, but they were all weak (Table 13).
Table 9
Performance of maize infected by Bipolaris maydis as influenced by AMF, Rhizobium and EPS
Genotypes | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
TZMI1297 | 8.48A | 41.75A | 116.97A | 2.51A | 27.72A | 4.72A | 46.48A | 20.58A | 1.88A |
TZMI1466 | 8.01B | 43.67A | 106.78B | 2.72A | 28.80A | 3.58A | 48.35A | 20.52A | 1.88A |
SE | 0.12 | 0.77 | 2.94 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 0.51 | 4.04 | 1.71 | 0.14 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: disease incidence.
Table 10
Effect of AMF, Rhizobium and EPS on the growth and yield parameters and disease incidence on two maize varieties.
TRT | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
T1 | 8.44AB | 41.69CDE | 119.17AB | 2.56AB | 28.15ABC | 3.38AB | 40.88A | 19.98A | 1.00B |
T2 | 8.69A | 37.44E | 99.89C | 2.67AB | 27.84ABC | 5.63AB | 58.07A | 19.92A | 1.67AB |
T3 | 8.41AB | 45.82ABC | 117.50ABC | 3.29A | 29.51AB | 6.70A | 58.83A | 23.37A | 2.00A |
T4 | 7.24C | 37.84DE | 101.84BC | 2.19B | 24.46C | 3.62AB | 41.40A | 18.67A | 2.17A |
T5 | 8.68A | 47.59A | 121.34A | 2.61AB | 31.32A | 3.40AB | 42.52A | 17.63A | 2.00A |
T6 | 7.89BC | 42.18BCD | 111.81ABC | 2.45AB | 27.05BC | 2.72B | 39.15A | 23.17A | 2.33A |
T7 | 8.46AB | 46.49AB | 114.07ABC | 2.63AB | 30.57AB | 3.95AB | 48.27A | 22.05A | 2.17A |
T8 | 8.17AB | 42.61BC | 109.37ABC | 2.53AB | 27.17BC | 3.78AB | 39.15A | 19.58A | 1.67AB |
SE | 0.23 | 1.55 | 5.88 | 0.28 | 1.2 | 1.02 | 8.08 | 3.43 | 0.27 |
Means with the same alphabet down the column, SE represents standard error. T1 Maize alone, T2 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis), T3 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + watering + AMF, T4 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + EPS, T5 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + Rhizobium, T6 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + AMF + EPS + Rhizobium., T7 Maize + EPS alone., T8 Maize + Rhizobium alone., NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: disease incidence. TRT: Treatments, D: Disease.
Table 11
Genotype by AMF and EPS treatment interactions on the growth and yield parameters of maize
SOV | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
Genotypes | 25.09* | 398.09ns | 11205.18* | 4.81ns | 117.65ns | 15.76ns | 42.19ns | 0.04ns | 0.01ns |
Treatments | 12.31* | 776.25* | 3315.71ns | 5.28ns | 255.59* | 10.60ns | 353.05ns | 25.35ns | 1.08* |
GxT | 13.80* | 717.81* | 6411.60* | 8.18ns | 313.97* | 11.99ns | 771.79ns | 115.79ns | 1.38* |
SOV: Source of variation, NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, * represents significance at 5% probability level, GxT: Genotype by Treatment interactions |
Table 12
Principal components of two maize varieties infected by Bipolaris maydis under different AMF and EPS treatments.
Parameters | PRIN1 | PRIN2 | PRIN3 | PRIN4 | PRIN5 |
NOL | -0.45 | -0.22 | 0.29 | 0.82 | 0 |
PH | 0.45 | 0.22 | -0.29 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
LA | -0.45 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SD | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
SH | 0.45 | 0.22 | -0.29 | 0.41 | -0.71 |
RW | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0 | 0.82 | 0 |
SW | 0.45 | -0.58 | 0 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
LW | -0.45 | 0.58 | 0 | -0.41 | 0.71 |
D | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease incidence |
Table 13
Correlation result of growth and yield parameters of two maize varieties infected by Bipolaris maydis under the influence of AMF and EPS treatments.
Parameters | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
NOL | 1 | 0.81 | 0.74 | 0.9 | 0.88 | 0.28 | 0.003 | 0.04 | -0.09 |
PH | 0.81 | 1 | 0.76 | 0.8 | 0.93 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.15 | -0.03 |
LA | 0.74 | 0.76 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
SD | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.28 | -0.01 | 0.06 | -0.16 |
SH | 0.88 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 0.81 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.11 | -0.01 |
RW | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 1 | 0.57 | 0.55 | -0.29 |
SW | 0.003 | 0.06 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.57 | 1 | 0.78 | -0.53 |
LW | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.55 | 0.78 | 1 | -0.47 |
D | -0.09 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.16 | -0.01 | -0.29 | -0.53 | -0.47 | 1 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease incidence |
The response of two maize varieties to different water stress conditions as influence by AMF, Rhizobium and EPS showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the genotypes of maize (TZMI1297 and TZMI1466) on the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and stem height respectively. There were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between TZMI1297 and TZMI1466 on the stem diameter, stem height, wilting, root weight, shoot weight, leaf weight and disease incidence respectively (Table 14). The TZMI1297 variety recorded the highest number of leaves (8.12 ± 0.26), plant height (41.56 ± 1.67), leaf area (109.97 ± 5.55) and stem height (28.95 ± 0.11) respectively, which was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than TZMI1466.
The effect of water stress conditions as influenced by AMF, Rhizobium and EPS on the growth and yield of two maize varieties showed that there were significant differences among the treatments. In the number of leaves (8.67 ± 0.29) and leaf area (115.49 ± 5.99), Bipolaris maydis + AMF was highest. Bipolaris maydis + Rhizobium had the longerstem diameter (2.71 ± 0.18), Bipolaris maydis + water stress + AMF + EPS + Rhizobium had the tallest stem (30.12 ± 1.47) and the leaf weight (23.43 ± 4.14) was heaviest in Bipolaris maydis + EPS(Table 15).
Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + EPS treatment recorded the highest number of leaves (8.67 ± 0.29), leaf area (11.5.49 ± 5.99 cm2), stem diameter, while Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + AMF + EPS + Rhizobium had the tallest plant (42.99 ± 1.92) and the widest stem diameter (2.97 ± 0.18 cm) whereas the highest stem height was observed in Maize + EPS alone (30.12 ± 1.47 cm) (Table 16).
The principal components of the growth and yield parameters, plant wilting and disease incidence showed that plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, stem height, plant wilting, root weight, shoot weight and leaf weight had same contribution (0.45) to the principal component one. On the other hand, in the principal component two, root weight had the most contribution, plant height and wilting contributed highest quota (0.87) to principal component three. Stem diameter and shoot weight had the highest contribution to principal component four (0.82), as leaf area, leaf weight and disease incidences had the highest contribution (0.71) to principal component five (Table 17).
The correlation analysis showed that the plant height, number of leaf, stem diameter and stem height had a strong correlation among themselves and positive, but they all had weak and positive correlation with root weight, plant wilting, disease incidences, shoot weight and leaf weight respectively. The root weight, wilting, disease incidence, shoot weight and leaf weight had a positive correlation among themselves and weak (Table 18).
Table 14
Response of two maize varieties to drought as influenced by AMF, Rhizobium and EPS
Genotypes | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH(cm) | Wilt | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
TZMI1297 | 8.12A | 41.56A | 109.97A | 2.56A | 28.95A | 1.90A | 4.67A | 44.68A | 18.49A | 1.90A |
TZMI1466 | 7.56B | 37.11B | 97.60B | 2.74A | 23.39B | 1.43A | 3.37A | 39.52A | 16.25A | 1.52A |
SE | 0.26 | 1.67 | 5.55 | 1.44 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 4.7 | 2.21 | 0.29 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease, W: Wilting.
Table 15
Effect of different water stress conditions as influenced by AMF, Rhizobium and EPS on the growth and yield of two maize varieties.
TRT | NOL | PH (cm) | LA (cm2) | SD (cm) | SH (cm) | Wilt | RW (kg) | SW (kg) | LW (kg) | Disease incidence |
T1 | 6.88C | 32.44B | 78.28B | 2.16B | 20.49B | 1.33A | 3.58A | 35.78A | 9.15B | 1.17A |
T2 | 8.30A | 38.63A | 99.52A | 2.68AB | 27.39A | 1.83A | 5.37A | 46.62A | 23.43A | 2.17A |
T3 | 8.17AB | 38.89A | 108.19A | 2.79A | 29.30A | 1.67A | 4.20A | 51.33A | 21.23AB | 1.83A |
T4 | 8.67A | 42.69A | 115.49A | 2.71A | 26.65A | 1.83A | 3.28A | 42.60A | 18.82AB | 1.67A |
T5 | 7.38BC | 40.63A | 106.65A | 2.46AB | 26.61A | 1.33A | 4.40A | 34.42A | 14.97AB | 1.17A |
T6 | 8.04AB | 42.99A | 114.77A | 2.97A | 26.97A | 1.67A | 4.38A | 44.40A | 14.33AB | 2.33A |
T7 | 7.89AB | 42.51A | 113.23A | 2.65AB | 30.12A | 2.00A | 2.92A | 39.55A | 20.45AB | 1.67A |
SE | 0.29 | 1.92 | 5.99 | 0.18 | 1.47 | 0.5 | 1.18 | 8.79 | 4.14 | 0.53 |
Means with the same letter down the group are not significantly different from each other at 5% probability level. SE represents the standard error. TRT: Treatments, NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight.T1 Maize + watering, T2 Maize + water stress (1 week), T3 Maize + water stress + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis), T4 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + water stress + EPS, T5 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + water stress + AMF, T6 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + water stress + Rhizobium, T7 Maize + pathogen (Bipolaris maydis) + water stress + AMF + EPS + Rhizobium.
Table 16
Genotype by treatment interactions on the growth and yield parameters of two maize varieties
SOV | NOL | PH | LA | SD | SH | Wilt | RW | SW | LW | D |
Genotypes | 7.19ns | 156.35ns | 752.65ns | 1.56ns | 2.18ns | 2.38ns | 17.88ns | 278.74ns | 52.37ns | 1.52ns |
Treatments | 17.09* | 687.30* | 8764.34* | 3.38* | 504.65* | 0.39ns | 4.07ns | 216.63ns | 144.16* | 1.21ns |
GxT | 1.98ns | 57.46ns | 801.65ns | 2.57ns | 39.38ns | 2.33ns | 3.23ns | 179.52ns | 28.47ns | 1.64ns |
SOV: Source of variation, NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, GxT: Genotype by Treatments interaction, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease, * represents significance at 5% probability level.
Table 17
Principal Components of two maize varieties under the influence of different water stress, AMF and EPS conditions
Variables | PRIN1 | PRIN2 | PRIN3 | PRIN4 | PRIN5 |
PH | 0.45 | -0.22 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
LA | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
SD | -0.45 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.82 | 0 |
SH | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.41 | -0.71 |
Wilting | 0.45 | -0.22 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 |
RW | 0.45 | 0.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
SW | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | 0.82 | 0 |
LW | 0.45 | -0.22 | -0.29 | -0.41 | 0.71 |
D | 0 | -0.5 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.71 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease. PRIN: Principal component.
Table 18
Correlation of two maize varieties growth and yield parameters under the influence of different water stress, AMF and EPS conditions
Variables | NOL | PH | LA | SD | SH | wilt | RW | SW | LW | D |
NOL | 1 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 0.82 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.39 | 0.34 | 0.20 |
PH | 0.83 | 1 | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.85 | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.16 |
LA | 0.71 | 0.73 | 1 | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.10 |
SD | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.84 | 1 | 0.74 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.35 | 0.13 |
SH | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.11 |
Wilting | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 1 | -0.03 | 0.23 | 0.1 | 0.20 |
RW | 0.3 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.34 | 0.33 | -0.03 | 1 | 0.41 | 0.23 | -0.15 |
SW | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 1 | 0.85 | -0.07 |
LW | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.1 | 0.28 | 0.85 | 1 | -0.05 |
D | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.2 | -0.15 | -0.06 | -0.05 | 1 |
NOL: Number of leaves, PH: Plant height, LA: Leaf area, SD: Stem diameter, SH: Stem height, RW: Root weight, SW: Shoot weight, LW: Leaf weight, D: Disease |