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Background: Sleep deprivation is often claimed to be increasingly common, but most studies show small changes in sleep duration over the last decades. Our aim was to analyze long-term patterns in self-reported sleep duration in a population-based cohort.
Methods: Members of the Older Finnish Twin Cohort have responded to questionnaires in 1975 (N = 30,915 individuals, response rate 89%, mean age 36 years), 1981 (24,506, 84%, 41 years), 1990 (12,502, 77%, 44 years), and 2011 (8510, 72%, 60 years). Weibull regression models were used to model the effects of follow-up time and age simultaneously.
Results: Sleep duration has decreased in all adult age groups and in both genders. The mean duration was in men 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.39 in 2011, and in women 7.69 and 7.37, respectively. The decrease was about 0.5 minutes in men and 0.9 in women per year of follow-up. In the age-group 18-34 years, mean sleep length was 7.69 hours in 1975 and 7.53 in 1990. Among 35-54-year-old it was 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.34 in 2011, and in the age group of 55+ year olds 7.52 and 7.38, correspondingly. The change was largest in middle-aged group: about 23 minutes or about 0.6 minutes per year of follow-up.
Conclusions: There has been a slight decrease in mean sleep duration during the 36-year follow-up. Although the sleep duration was longer in 1970s and 1980s, the probable main cause for the change in this study population is the effect of aging.
Keywords
sleep length, population, longitudinal study, Weibull regression models, sleep ontogeny
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- FTColdcohort1975wave1questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #1: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1975 wave 1 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 1 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1975, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort1981wave2questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #2: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1981 wave 1 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 2 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1981, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort1990wave3questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #3: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1990 wave 3 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 3 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1990, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort2011wave4questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #4: Title of data: FTC old cohort 2011 wave 4 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 4 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 2011, originals in Finnish and Swedish
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View the published article at BMC Public Health.
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Posted 14 Aug, 2020
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Submission checks complete
On 11 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 03 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Metrics
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PDF Downloads: ...
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Subject Areas
Health Economics & Outcomes Research
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See the published version of this preprint at BMC Public Health.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Version 3
Posted 14 Aug, 2020
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 11 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Accept
On 11 Aug, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 06 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 06 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 03 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 03 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 02 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 01 Jul, 2020
Editor invited
On 01 Jul, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 30 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 20 Jun, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 06 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 26 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Health Economics & Outcomes Research
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Public Health.
Background: Sleep deprivation is often claimed to be increasingly common, but most studies show small changes in sleep duration over the last decades. Our aim was to analyze long-term patterns in self-reported sleep duration in a population-based cohort.
Methods: Members of the Older Finnish Twin Cohort have responded to questionnaires in 1975 (N = 30,915 individuals, response rate 89%, mean age 36 years), 1981 (24,506, 84%, 41 years), 1990 (12,502, 77%, 44 years), and 2011 (8510, 72%, 60 years). Weibull regression models were used to model the effects of follow-up time and age simultaneously.
Results: Sleep duration has decreased in all adult age groups and in both genders. The mean duration was in men 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.39 in 2011, and in women 7.69 and 7.37, respectively. The decrease was about 0.5 minutes in men and 0.9 in women per year of follow-up. In the age-group 18-34 years, mean sleep length was 7.69 hours in 1975 and 7.53 in 1990. Among 35-54-year-old it was 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.34 in 2011, and in the age group of 55+ year olds 7.52 and 7.38, correspondingly. The change was largest in middle-aged group: about 23 minutes or about 0.6 minutes per year of follow-up.
Conclusions: There has been a slight decrease in mean sleep duration during the 36-year follow-up. Although the sleep duration was longer in 1970s and 1980s, the probable main cause for the change in this study population is the effect of aging.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- FTColdcohort1975wave1questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #1: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1975 wave 1 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 1 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1975, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort1981wave2questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #2: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1981 wave 1 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 2 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1981, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort1990wave3questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #3: Title of data: FTC old cohort 1990 wave 3 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 3 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 1990, originals in Finnish and Swedish
- FTColdcohort2011wave4questionnaire.pdf
Additional file #4: Title of data: FTC old cohort 2011 wave 4 questionnaire English translation Description of data: Unofficial translation of mailed questionnaire used in wave 4 of the older Finnish Twin Cohort in 2011, originals in Finnish and Swedish
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