Lotus leaf extract inhibits ER- breast cancer cell migration and metastasis
Background: Patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer have poor prognosis due to high rates of metastasis. However, there is no effective treatment and drugs for ER- breast cancer metastasis. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf alcohol extract (LAE) on the cell migration and metastasis of ER- breast cancer.
Methods: The anti-migratory effect of LAE were analyzed in ER- breast cancer cells including SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cell lines. Cell viability assay, wound-healing assay, RNA-sequence analysis and immunoblotting assay were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-migratory effect of LAE. To further investigate the inhibitory effect of LAE on metastasis in vivo, subcutaneous xenograft and intravenous injection nude mice models were established. Lung and liver tissues were analyzed by the Hematoxylin & eosin staining and immunoblotting assay.
Results: We found that lotus leaf alcohol extract (LAE), not nuciferine, inhibited cell migration significantly in SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 breast cancer cells, and did not affect viability of breast cancer cells. The anti-migratory effect of LAE was dependent on TGF-β1 signaling, while independent of Wnt signaling and autophagy influx. Intracellular H2O2 was involved in the TGF-β1-related inhibition of cell migration. LAE inhibited significantly the breast cancer cells metastasis in mice models. RNA-sequence analysis showed that extracellular matrix signaling pathways are associated with LAE-suppressed cell migration.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that lotus leaf alcohol extract inhibits the cell migration and metastasis of ER- breast cancer, at least in part, via TGF-β1/Erk1/2 and TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathways, which provides a potential therapeutic strategy for ER- breast cancer.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Posted 09 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 27 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 09 Dec, 2020
Received 05 Dec, 2020
On 28 Oct, 2020
Invitations sent on 23 Oct, 2020
On 23 Oct, 2020
On 21 Oct, 2020
On 20 Oct, 2020
On 20 Oct, 2020
On 20 Sep, 2020
Received 18 Sep, 2020
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Invitations sent on 18 May, 2020
On 18 May, 2020
On 18 May, 2020
On 15 May, 2020
On 14 May, 2020
On 08 May, 2020
On 01 May, 2020
Lotus leaf extract inhibits ER- breast cancer cell migration and metastasis
Posted 09 Jan, 2021
Invitations sent on 27 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 25 Dec, 2020
On 09 Dec, 2020
Received 05 Dec, 2020
On 28 Oct, 2020
Invitations sent on 23 Oct, 2020
On 23 Oct, 2020
On 21 Oct, 2020
On 20 Oct, 2020
On 20 Oct, 2020
On 20 Sep, 2020
Received 18 Sep, 2020
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Invitations sent on 18 May, 2020
On 18 May, 2020
On 18 May, 2020
On 15 May, 2020
On 14 May, 2020
On 08 May, 2020
On 01 May, 2020
Background: Patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer have poor prognosis due to high rates of metastasis. However, there is no effective treatment and drugs for ER- breast cancer metastasis. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf alcohol extract (LAE) on the cell migration and metastasis of ER- breast cancer.
Methods: The anti-migratory effect of LAE were analyzed in ER- breast cancer cells including SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 cell lines. Cell viability assay, wound-healing assay, RNA-sequence analysis and immunoblotting assay were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-migratory effect of LAE. To further investigate the inhibitory effect of LAE on metastasis in vivo, subcutaneous xenograft and intravenous injection nude mice models were established. Lung and liver tissues were analyzed by the Hematoxylin & eosin staining and immunoblotting assay.
Results: We found that lotus leaf alcohol extract (LAE), not nuciferine, inhibited cell migration significantly in SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806 breast cancer cells, and did not affect viability of breast cancer cells. The anti-migratory effect of LAE was dependent on TGF-β1 signaling, while independent of Wnt signaling and autophagy influx. Intracellular H2O2 was involved in the TGF-β1-related inhibition of cell migration. LAE inhibited significantly the breast cancer cells metastasis in mice models. RNA-sequence analysis showed that extracellular matrix signaling pathways are associated with LAE-suppressed cell migration.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that lotus leaf alcohol extract inhibits the cell migration and metastasis of ER- breast cancer, at least in part, via TGF-β1/Erk1/2 and TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathways, which provides a potential therapeutic strategy for ER- breast cancer.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6