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Research article
Jo Billings
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-2440
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background Psychosis can be a sufficiently traumatic event to lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focussed on the trauma of first episode psychosis (FEP) and the only review to date of PTSD beyond the first episode period is potentially outdated.
Methods We searched electronic databases and reference lists using predetermined inclusion criteria to retrieve studies that reported prevalence rates and associated factors of psychosis-related PTSD across all stages of the course of psychosis. Studies were included if they measured PTSD specifically related to the experience of psychosis. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were synthesised narratively.
Results Six papers met inclusion criteria. Prevalence estimates of psychosis-related PTSD varied from 14–47%. Studies either assessed first-episode samples or did not specify the number of episodes experienced. Depression was consistently associated with psychosis-related PTSD. Other potential associations included treatment-related factors, psychosis severity, childhood trauma, and individual psychosocial reactions to trauma.
Conclusions Psychosis-related PTSD is a common problem in people with psychosis. There is a lack of published research on this beyond first episode psychosis. Further research is needed on larger, more generalizable samples. Our results tentatively suggest that prevalence rates of psychosis-related PTSD have not reduced over the past decade despite ambitions to provide trauma-informed care.
Keywords
Psychosis, Trauma, PTSD, Prevalence
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Psychiatry.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 14 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 22 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 May, 2020
First submitted
On 01 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychiatry
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A new preprint design is coming!
We have improved readability, clarity, accessibility, and opportunities for engagement.
See the published version of this preprint at BMC Psychiatry.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Jo Billings
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-2440
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at BMC Psychiatry.
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 01 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 22 Nov, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Nov, 2020
Editor invited
On 22 Nov, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 28 Sep, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 28 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 03 Sep, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 03 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 01 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 31 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Aug, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 29 Aug, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Aug, 2020
Version 1
Posted 14 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 11 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 09 Jun, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 01 Jun, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 22 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 18 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 05 May, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 04 May, 2020
Editor invited
On 04 May, 2020
First submitted
On 01 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychiatry
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at BMC Psychiatry.
Background Psychosis can be a sufficiently traumatic event to lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research has focussed on the trauma of first episode psychosis (FEP) and the only review to date of PTSD beyond the first episode period is potentially outdated.
Methods We searched electronic databases and reference lists using predetermined inclusion criteria to retrieve studies that reported prevalence rates and associated factors of psychosis-related PTSD across all stages of the course of psychosis. Studies were included if they measured PTSD specifically related to the experience of psychosis. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were synthesised narratively.
Results Six papers met inclusion criteria. Prevalence estimates of psychosis-related PTSD varied from 14–47%. Studies either assessed first-episode samples or did not specify the number of episodes experienced. Depression was consistently associated with psychosis-related PTSD. Other potential associations included treatment-related factors, psychosis severity, childhood trauma, and individual psychosocial reactions to trauma.
Conclusions Psychosis-related PTSD is a common problem in people with psychosis. There is a lack of published research on this beyond first episode psychosis. Further research is needed on larger, more generalizable samples. Our results tentatively suggest that prevalence rates of psychosis-related PTSD have not reduced over the past decade despite ambitions to provide trauma-informed care.
Figure 1
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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